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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Toplum ruh saðlýðý merkezindeki þizofreni tanýsý almýþ bireylerde uygulanan yönlendirilmiþ imgeleme yönteminin bireylerin iþlevselliðine etkisini belirlemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma öntest sontest kontrol gruplu olup, araþtýrmanýn evrenini Ege Üniversitesi Týp Fakültesi Hastanesi Toplum Ruh Saðlýðý Merkezi (TRSM)’ne kayýtlý n=631 birey ve sürekli gündüz hizmeti alan n=55 þizofreni tanýlý birey ile Ýzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Atatürk Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi TRSM’ne kayýtlý n=300 birey ve sürekli gündüz hizmeti alan n=30 þizofreni tanýlý birey oluþturmuþtur. Araþtýrmanýn örneklemini gündüz TRSM’nden faydalanan 85 bireyden araþtýrmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan 48 kiþi oluþturmuþtur. Çalýþma deney grubunda 24 birey, kontrol grubunda 24 birey ile tamamlanmýþtýr. Güç analizi deðeri %98.8’dir. Veri toplama aracý olarak Tanýtýcý bilgi formu, Þizofrenide Ýþlevsel Ýyileþme Ölçeði (ÞÝLÖ) ve Öznel Ýyileþmeyi Deðerlendirme Ölçeði (ÖÝDÖ) kullanýlmýþtýr. Sayýsal ölçümler için Mann-Whitney U testi, Wilcoxon testi, tek yönlü ANOVA testi, Ki-Kare testi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Uygulama grubuna iki hafta boyunca her gün 10 dakika yapýlan yönlendirilmiþ imgeleme uygulamasý sonucunda, uygulama grubunun Þizofrenide Ýþlevsel Ýyileþme Günlük Yaþam Becerileri Alt Ölçeði puan ortalamalarý (z=-2.69, p≤0.01), Þizofrenide Ýþlevsel Ýyileþme Saðlýk ve Tedavi Alt Ölçeði puan ortalamalarý (z=-2.37, p=0.01), Þizofrenide Ýþlevsel Ýyileþme Ölçeði genel toplam puan ortalamalarý (z=-2.41, p=0.01), ÖÝDÖ puan ortalamalarý (z=-3.70, p≤0.01) arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark bulunmuþtur. ÞÝLÖ Sosyal Ýþlevsellik Alt Ölçeði puan ortalamalarý (z=-1.80 p=0.07), ÞÝLÖ Mesleki Ýþlevsellik Alt Ölçeði puan ortalamalarý (z=-0.46 p=0.64) arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark bulunmamýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrma sonuçlarýna göre þizofreni tanýsý almýþ bireylerde iki haftalýk senaryolu yönlendirilmiþ imgeleme uygulamasýnýn bireylerin iþlevselliðini arttýrdýðý söylenebilir.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine the effect that guided imagery has on the functionality of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia in a community mental health center.
METHODS: This is a pretest-posttest-controlled group study including 631 individuals registered in the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) of Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital, of which 55 individuals were diagnosed with schizophrenia, as well as 300 individuals registered in the CMHC of Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, of which 30 individuals were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and who were receiving continuous daytime service. The study sample included 48 individuals that fit the inclusion criteria among the 85 individuals who benefitted from daytime CMHC. The study was completed with 24 individuals in the experimental group and 24 individuals in control group. The value of power analysis is 98.8%. As data collection tools, an Introductory Information Form, Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale (FROGS), and Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale (SubRAS) were used. For the numerical measurements, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon t test, one-way ANOVA test, and Chi-squared test were used.
RESULTS: As a result of guided imagery applied to the study group 10 minutes daily for two weeks, a statistically significant difference was detected between the mean score of daily living skills subscale of FROGS (z=-2.69, p≤0.01); mean score of treatment subscale (z=-2.37, p=0.01); overall mean score of FROGS (z=-2.41, p=0.01); mean score of SubRAS (z=-3.70, p≤0.01). However, no significant difference could be found between the mean scores of social functioning subscale of FROGS (z=-1.80, p=0.07) and the mean scores of professional functioning in FROGS (z=-0.46, p=0.64).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it can be said that the guided imagery application for two weeks has created a significant difference in functional remission of the cases diagnosed with schizophrenia.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Araþtýrma þizofreni hastalarýnda içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma düzeyi, sosyal iþlevsellik düzeyi ve içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma düzeyini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacý ile tanýmlayýcý ve iliþki arayýcý olarak yapýldý.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrmanýn çalýþma grubunu 113 þizofreni hastasý oluþturdu. Verilerin toplanmasýnda kiþisel bilgi formu, sosyal yaþamý deðerlendirme anketi, sosyal iþlevsellik ölçeði baðýmsýzlýk performans alt boyutu ve içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma ölçeði kullanýldý. Veriler Aralýk 2015–Þubat 2016 tarihleri arasýnda araþtýrmacý tarafýndan bir hastanenin psikiyatri poliklinikleri ve TRSM ortamýnda yüz yüze görüþme tekniði ile toplandý. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde sayý, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, t testi ve pearson korelasyon analizi kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmada hastalarýn orta düzeyde içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma yaþadýklarý saptandý. Eðitim durumu ve sigara kullanma durumu ile içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma düzeyi arasýnda anlamlý farklýlýk saptandý. Hastalarýn arkadaþlar-akrabalar-eþ/özel insanlarla görüþme sýklýðý ve sosyal aktivite sýklýðý arttýkça içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma düzeylerinin azaldýðý saptandý. Sosyal iþlevsellik ölçeði baðýmsýzlýk performans alt boyutu ile yabancýlaþma, kalýp yargýlarýn onaylanmasý, sosyal geri çekilme, damgalanmaya karþý direnç ve toplam puan arasýnda zayýf ve negatif yönde bir iliþki bulundu.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Þizofreni hastalarýnýn orta düzeyde içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma yaþadýklarý, bazý sosyodemografik özellikler ve sosyal iþlevsellik durumu ile içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma düzeyi arasýnda anlamlý iliþki olduðu bulundu. Bu alanda çalýþan psikiyatri hemþiresinin kurum ve aileler ile iþbirliði yaparak hastalarýn iþlevsellik düzeylerini yükseltmeye yönelik giriþimlerinin gerekli olduðu düþünülmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: This definitive-relational type of study determined the level of internalized stigma and social functioning and the factors that affect the level of internalized stigma in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
METHODS: The sample population included 113 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenic patients. A personal knowledge form, the Social Life Evaluation Questionnaire (SLEQ, independence-performance subscale of the Social Functioning Survey (SFS), the, and the Internalized stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale were used to collect data. The data were collected between December 2015 and February 2016 in polyclinics and a center of community mental health of a hospital using the face-to-face technique. The data were summarized using number, percentage, average, and standard deviation. Because a normal distribution was determined, the independent t-test was used for pair-wise comparisons. For evaluating relationships among continuous variables, correlation analysis was used.
RESULTS: In this study, education level and smoking status affected internalized stigma status. If patients met with their friends, relatives, or partner frequently or joined in social activities, the level of internalized stigma decreased. There was a weak and negative correlation between the independence-performance subscale of social functioning and total points, alienation, stereotype endorsement, social withdrawal, and stigma resistance subscales of internalized stigma in mental disorders.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia have a medium level of internalized stigma. There is a relationship between the internalized stigma level with some sociodemographic features and social functioning situations. Psychiatry nurses should attempt to increase patient function in cooperation with institutions and the patient’s family.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, algýlanan aile desteði ile þizofreni hastalarýnýn mutluluk düzeyi arasýndaki iliþkiyi belirlemek amacýyla yapýldý.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma verileri, Elazýð Ruh Saðlýðý ve Hastalýklarý Hastanesi polikliniklerinde Ocak 2018–Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasýnda toplandý. Araþtýrmanýn evrenini belirtilen tarihte polikliniðe baþvuran, DSM-V taný kriterlerine göre þizofreni tanýsý almýþ ve araþtýrma kriterlerine uyan 137 hasta ile tamamlandý. Verilerin toplanmasýnda ‘’Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu’’, Algýlanan Aile Destek Ölçeði ‘’AADÖ’’ ve Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeði ‘’ÖMÖ’’ kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Hastalarýn ortalama AADÖ puaný 25.84±12.94 idi. Ortalama toplam ÖMÖ puaný 20.01±4.18 olarak bulundu. Hastalarýn ortalama AADÖ ve ÖMÖ skorlarý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir iliþki bulunmadý (p>0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Þizofreni hastalarýnýn algýladýklarý aile desteðinin yüksek olduðu, mutluluk düzeyinin orta seviyede olduðu ve aile desteði ile mutluluk düzeyi arasýnda anlamlý bir iliþki olmadýðý tespit edilmiþtir. Psikiyatri hemþireleri þizofreni hastalarýnýn da mutlu olabileceklerinin farkýnda olmalý ve hastalarýn aile desteði ve mutluluk düzeylerini artýrmaya yönelik danýþmanlýk hizmetleri sunmasýnýn faydalý olacaðý düþünülmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived family support and the happiness level of patients with schizophrenia.
METHODS: The study population included all the patients at the relevant polyclinic who were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-V diagnosis criteria and those who met the inclusion criteria. This study was completed with 137 patients; no sampling method was applied. Data were collected using a Sociodemographic Information Form, a Perceived Family Support Scale (PFSS) and a Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS).
RESULTS: The patients’ mean total Perceived Family Support Scale score was 25.84±12.94. The mean total Subjective Happiness Scale score was 20.01±4.18. There was no statistically significant relationship, positive or negative, between the patients’ mean PFSS and SHS scores (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that family support had a significant effect on happiness, that there was a parallel relationship between family support and the patients’ happiness level, and that the happiness levels increased as the family support increased.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Hemþirelik, uzun saatler, iþ yükü, bireyler ve aileleri üzerindeki aþýrý fiziksel ve psikolojik talepler nedeniyle oldukça stresli bir meslektir. Araþtýrmalar, hemþirelerin, hekimlerin ve hemþirelerin rolüne kýyasla daha az sosyal destek ve iþ güvenliði yaþadýklarýnýn sosyal olarak tanýnmadýðýný göstermiþtir. Bu çalýþmada, 2019 yýlýnda Ýran'ýn Zanjan kentinde çeþitli hastanelerde çalýþan Ýranlý hemþirelerin demografik özelliklerine göre sýkýntý düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu araþtýrma, 2019 yýlýnda Ýran'ýn Zanjan hastanelerinde çalýþan 264 hemþire üzerinde yapýlan tanýmlayýcý bir korelasyon çalýþmasýdýr. Örnekler çalýþmaya rastgele küme örnekleme yöntemi kullanýlarak girilmiþtir. Veri toplama araçlarý mesleki-demografik ve Kessler Psikolojik Sýkýntý Ölçeði anketlerini içermektedir. Toplanan veriler SPSS istatistik yazýlýmý (versiyon 21), t-testi ve ANOVA kullanýlarak analiz edilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Sonuçlar, hemþirelerin psikolojik sorunlarýnýn ortalama puanlarýnýn ortalama düzeyde olduðunu göstermiþtir (25.15 ± 8.77). Hemþirelerin psikolojik sýkýntýsý ile cinsiyet, medeni durum ve istihdam türü arasýndaki iliþki anlamlýydir (P<0.05). Hemþirelerin psikolojik sýkýntýsý ile yaþ ve iþ tecrübesi arasýnda da ters bir iliþki vardýr. (P<0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn bulgularý hemþirelerin çoðunun, bakým ve saðlýk saðlama kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek bir dereceye kadar psikolojik sýkýntý yaþadýðýný göstermektedir. Dolayýsýyla, stres yönetimi için hizmet içi eðitim yoluyla Ýranlý hemþirelerin psikolojik ve fiziksel saðlýðýnýn saðlanmasý için uygun adýmlar atýlmalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing is a highly stressful profession due to the long hours, workload, and extreme physical and psychological demands it places on individuals and their families. Research has shown that nurses, as compared to physicians, experience less social support and job security, and that their roles are not socially recognized. This study aimed to identify the level of distress by demographic characteristics of Iranian nurses working at various hospitals in Zanjan, Iran in 2019.
METHODS: This descriptive correlational study targeted 264 nurses working at various hospitals in Zanjan, Iran in 2019. The random cluster sampling method was used for sample selection, and for data collection, a demographic and social characteristics form and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used. Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software (version 21), which was used to perform student's t-test and ANOVA.
RESULTS: The results from calculation of the nurses’ mean score indicated that their psychological distress was at a moderate level (25.15±8.77). Gender, marital status and type of employment significantly corresponded with the nurses’ levels of psychological distress (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between age and work experience with psychological distress among the nurses (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings derived from this study indicate that a majority of the nurses had some degree of psychological distress, which negatively affected the quality of health care they provided. Thus, appropriate steps, like in-service training for stress management, should be taken to ensure the psychological and physical health of Iranian nurses.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrmanýn amacý, üniversite öðrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini, uykusuzluk ve psikolojik iyi oluþlarýný belirlemek ve aralarýndaki iliþkiyi incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Tanýmlayýcý ve iliþki arayýcý tasarýmla yürütülen araþtýrmanýn örneklemini Ekim-Aralýk 2019 tarihleri arasýnda bir üniversitenin Saðlýk Bilimleri Fakültesi ve Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi’nde okuyan gönüllü 702 öðrenci oluþturmuþtur. Veriler, 23 sorudan oluþan kiþisel bilgi formu, Uluslararasý fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (UFAA) kýsa formu, Bergen Uykusuzluk Ölçeði (BUÖ) ve Psikolojik Ýyi Oluþ Ölçeði (PÝOÖ) kullanýlarak toplanmýþtýr. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde, tanýmlayýcý istatistikler, Mann- Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi, Ki kare testi, Lojistik Regresyon Analizi ve Post-hoc Games Howell Analizi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Öðrencilerin %20.4’ünün inaktif, %57’sinin minimal aktif ve %22.6’sýnýn yeterince aktif düzeyde olduðu belirlenmiþtir. %59.3’ünün uykusuzluk yaþadýðý, psikolojik iyi oluþ puan ortalamalarýnýn (40.23±8.18) ortalamanýn üstünde olduðu bulunmuþtur. Psikolojik durumunu kötü olarak deðerlendiren öðrencilerin daha fazla uykusuzluk yaþadýðý ve psikolojik iyi oluþ toplam puanýndaki 1 birim artýþýn uykusuzluk yaþama riskini 0.972 kat azalttýðý belirlenmiþtir. Aile iliþkisi kötü olanlarýn 1.512 kat, sürekli aðrýsý olanlarýn 1.600 kat, aþýrý stresli olanlarýn 2.504 kat ve yatakta telefon kullananlarýn 1.760 kat daha fazla uykusuzluk yaþadýðý bulunmuþtur.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin psikolojik iyi oluþu arttýrdýðý ve psikolojik iyi oluþ puanýndaki artýþýn, olumlu aile iliþkilerinin, düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmanýn uykusuzluðu azalttýðý belirlenmiþtir.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine university students’ physical activity levels, insomnia and psychological well-being, and to examine the relationships between them.
METHODS: This descriptive and correlation-seeking research’s sample included 702 voluntarily participating students studying in the faculty of health sciences and the faculty of science and letters at a university. The data were collected using a 23-item participant information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS) and the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS). Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the chi-squared test, logistic regression analysis and the Games-Howell post hoc test were used to evaluate the data.
RESULTS: Of the students, 20.4% were inactive, 57% were minimally active, and 22.6% were sufficiently active. Of them, 59.3% had insomnia. The participants’ PWBS scores were above average (40.23±8.18). The students who described themselves as having a bad psychological state had more insomnia, and a one point increase in the PWBS score reduced the risk of insomnia by a factor of 0.972. The students with bad family relationships had increased risk of insomnia by a factor of 1.512, the students who had continual headaches had increased risk of insomnia by a factor of 2.504, and the students who used phones in bed had increased risk of insomnia by a factor of 1.760.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: High physical activity levels increased psychological well-being, and high psychological well-being scores, good family relationships and regular physical activity reduced insomnia.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrmanýn amacý ergenlerde yeme tutumlarýnýn aile iþlevleri açýsýndan incelenmesidir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ergenlerin yeme tutumunun aile iþlevleri açýsýndan incelendiði bu çalýþma tanýmlayýcý ve iliþki arayýcý tiptedir. Araþtýrmanýn evrenini 2017–2018 eðitim öðretim yýlýnda Giresun Ýli, merkez ilçesinde öðrenimlerine devam etmekte olan 8052 öðrenci oluþturmaktadýr. Araþtýrmanýn örneklemi %95 güvenirlik ve %5 hata payý ile 385 olarak belirlenmiþtir. Araþtýrmada rastlantýsal olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden, uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanýlmýþtýr. Araþtýrmada veri toplama amacýyla Kiþisel Bilgi Formu, Yeme tutumu testi ve Aile deðerlendirme ölçeði kullanýlmýþtýr. Verilerin analizinde öðrencilerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini belirlemek için frekans ve yüzdelerden yararlanýlmýþtýr. Yeme tutum testi ve aile iþlevleri puan ortalamalarýnýn sosyodemografik özelliklere göre farklýlýk gösterip göstermediði Tek Yönlü MANOVA analizi aracýlýðýyla belirlenmiþtir. Öðrencilerin aile iþlevlerinin yeme tutumlarýyla iliþkisi basit doðrusal regresyon analiziyle incelenmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmaya katýlan öðrencilerin yaþ ortalamasý 16.03 olan 206’sýnýn (%53.5) erkek, 179’unun (%46.5) kýz olduðu belirlenmiþtir. Çalýþmada elde edilen analiz sonuçlarýna göre aile iþlevlerinin yeme tutumunu yordadýðý bulunmuþtur (p<.001). Araþtýrma bulgularýnda cinsiyet, yeme tutumu alýþkanlýðý ve algýlanan anne- baba tutumlarý deðiþkenleri ile yeme tutumu ve aile iþlevselliði arasýnda anlamlý bir farklýlýk bulunamamýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmada ergenlerin aile iþlevleri puanlarý ile yeme tutum puanlarý arasýnda pozitif yönde iliþki olduðu bulunmuþ fakat ergenlerde cinsiyet, yeme tutumu alýþkanlýðý ve algýlanan anne- baba tutumlarý deðiþkenleri ile yeme tutumu ve aile iþlevselliði arasýnda anlamlý bir farklýlýk bulunamadýðý saptanmýþtýr.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine eating habits in adolescents in terms of family functionality.
METHODS: This study, which examines the eating habits of adolescents in terms of family functionality, is descriptive and relationship-seeking. The target population of this research consisted of 8,052 students who continued their education in the central district of the Turkish Giresun Province in the 2017–2018 academic year. The sample of the study was determined to be 385 to produce 95% reliability and 5% margin of error. In the research, a suitable non-random sampling method was used. An eating-attitude test, family assessment scale and Personal Information Form were used for data collection. In analyzing the data, frequencies and percentages were used to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the students. The average of scores of the eating attitude test and family functionality was examined through one-way MANOVA analysis to see whether there is any difference according to the sociodemographic characteristics. The relationship of students' family functionality with eating attitudes was examined by simple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: Of the students participating in the study (average age 16.03 years), 206 (53.5%) were boys and 179 (46.5%) were girls. According to the analysis results, family functionality was found to predict eating attitudes (p<0.001), but no significant difference was found between the variables of gender, eating behavior, and perceived parental attitudes, and eating behavior and family functionality. No significant difference was found between the variables of gender, eating behavior and perceived parental attitudes, and eating behavior and family functionality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study found that there was a positive relationship between adolescents' family functionality scores and eating behavior scores, but there was no significant difference between adolescents' gender, eating behavior and perceived parental attitudes variables, and eating behavior and family functionality.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kanseri Yenen Bireylerin Kaygýlarýný Deðerlendirme Ölçeðini Türkçeye uyarlamak, geçerlik ve güvenirliðini saðlamaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma, örneklemi 200 kiþiden oluþan metodolojik bir çalýþmadýr. Veriler, Kasým-Aralýk 2018 tarihleri arasýnda, kansere yönelik bir derneðin sosyal medya hesabýný takip eden, en az bir yýl önce kanser tanýsý almýþ ve tedavi görmüþ olan, en az ilköðretim mezunu ve 18 yaþ üstü bireylerden toplanmýþtýr. Veri toplamada kiþisel bilgileri sorgulamaya yönelik sorularý ve ölçek sorularýný içeren online form kullanýlmýþtýr. Geçerlik analizi için; dil eþ deðerliði, kapsam geçerliði, açýmlayýcý ve doðrulayýcý faktör analizi, güvenirlik için; iç tutarlýlýk, madde-alan ve tekrar test yapýlmýþtýr. Veriler SPSS 22.0 ve LISREL 8.8 programlarý ile analiz edilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Açýmlayýcý faktör analizine göre; ölçek maddelerinin faktör yüklerinin ve açýklanan toplam varyansýn yeterli, doðrulayýcý faktör analizine göre uyum indekslerinin istendik düzeyde olduðu bulunmuþtur. Güvenirlik analizlerinde; cronbach alfa iç tutarlýlýk katsayýsýnýn yüksek derecede güvenilir aralýkta olduðu, her bir maddenin ölçeði temsil ettiði, madde toplam puan korelasyonlarýna göre her maddenin ölçekle kuvvetli ya da oldukça kuvvetli iliþki gösterdiði ve dört hafta sonra 50 kanseri yenen bireye uygulanan tekrar testin oldukça yüksek güvenilirliðe sahip olduðu bulunmuþtur.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Kanseri Yenen Bireylerin Kaygýlarýný Deðerlendirme Ölçeðinin Türk toplumunda kullanýmýnýn uygun ve geçerli-güvenilir bir ölçüm aracý olduðu saptanmýþtýr.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Assessment of Survivor Concerns Scale (ASC) adapted to Turkish.
METHODS: This research is a methodological study of 200 people. Data were collected from November to December 2018, through a social media account of a cancer-oriented association and those who had been diagnosed and treated for cancer for at least a year, at least primary school graduates and individuals over the age of 18 years. For validity analysis, language equivalence, scope validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. For reliability, internal consistency, item-area and test-retest were used. Data were analyzed with SPSS V22.0 and LISREL 8.8 programs.
RESULTS: According to the exploratory factor analysis; the factor loads of the scale items and the total variance explained were sufficient, according to the confirmatory factor analysis the fit indexes were found to be at a desired level. For the reliability analysis; Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was highly reliable, each item represented the scale, according to item total score correlations each item was strongly or very strongly related to the scale and four weeks later the re-test given to the 50 survivors was found to be highly reliable.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Assessment of Survivor Concerns Scale has been determined to be a suitable and valid-reliable measurement tool for use in Turkish society.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, üç ve üzeri gebeliði olan kadýnlarýn algýlanan stres düzeyi ile kendilerini algýlama düzeyi iliþkisini belirlemek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Tanýmlayýcý ve kesitsel nitelikteki araþtýrma, Mayýs–Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasýnda Kocaeli Üniversitesi Araþtýrma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Kadýn Hastalýklarý ve Doðum polikliniðine muayeneye gelen üç ve üzeri gebeliði olan 230 gebe kadýn ile gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Araþtýrmanýn verilerinin toplanmasýnda, kiþisel bilgi formu, Gebelerin Kendilerini Algýlama Ölçeði ve Algýlanan Stres Ölçeði (ASÖ) kullanýlarak yapýlmýþtýr. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde, yüzdelik hesaplamalarý, t testi, Anova testi, Man Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi, Spearmans Korelasyon analizi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Gebelerin Algýlanan Stres Ölçeði (ASÖ) puan ortalamasý 42.62±5.01 olarak, “Gebeliðe Ait Annelik Algýsý” (GAAA) alt boyutu puan ortalamasý 19.54±5.07 ve “Gebeliðe Ait Beden Algýsý” (GABA) alt boyutu puan ortalamasý 13.16±3.96 olarak bulunmuþtur. ASÖ ile GAAA puan ortalamasý arasýnda negatif yönde zayýf iliþki saptanmýþ (p<0.05), GABA arasýnda iliþki saptanmamýþtýr (p>0.05). GABA ile GAAA arasýnda negatif yönde zayýf iliþki saptanmýþtýr (p<0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþma sonucunda üç ve üzeri gebeliði olan kadýnlarýn algýlanan stres düzeyinin annelik algýsýný etkilediði, beden algýsýný etkilemediði saptanmýþtýr.

INTRODUCTION: The present study determined the relationship between the perceived stress level of women who had three or more pregnancies and their self-perception levels.
METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with 230 pregnant women who had three or more pregnancies and visited the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinics of Kocaeli University Research and Application Hospital between May and October 2018. The data collection was performed using the personal information form, Self-Perception Scale for Pregnant Women and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). In analyzing the data obtained, the percentages, t-test, ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s Correlation Analysis were used.
RESULTS: The mean score of the pregnant women on the PSS was 42.62±5.01 and the mean scores on the “Perception of Motherhood during Pregnancy” (PMDP) and “Perception of Body during Pregnancy” (PBDP) subscales were 19.54±5.07 and 13.16±3.96, respectively. A weak negative relationship was found between PSS and PMDP (p<0.05), whereas no relationship was found for PBDP (p>0.05). PMDP and PBDP had a weak negative relationship (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The perceived stress level of women having a history of three or more pregnancies affected their motherhood perception but not their body perception.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Hemþirelik bakýmýnýn planlamasýnda “Hemþirelik Giriþimleri Sýnýflamasý” kullanýlýr. Bu sýnýflamada yer alan bir giriþim olan hayvan destekli uygulama, dünyada yaygýn olarak kullanýlan ancak ülkemizde kullanýmý sýnýrlý bir tedavi yöntemidir. Günümüzde çeþitli gruplarda destek amaçlý uygulanan hayvan destekli uygulamalar, saðlýðý koruma ve geliþtirmeyi saðlayan, uygulanan diðer tedavilere ek bir müdahale seçeneðidir. Bu sistematik derlemede, hemþirelik giriþimi olarak hayvan destekli uygulamalarýn kullanýldýðý randomize kontrollü çalýþmalarýn incelenerek, hayvan destekli uygulama prosedürü ve yapýlan müdahalelerin etkilerinin belirlenmesi ayný zamanda konu hakkýnda literatüre katký saðlamasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Konuyla ilgili yýl sýnýrlamasý yapýlmadan, veri tabanlarý incelenmiþ ve 1985 çalýþmaya ulaþýlmýþtýr. CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Medline/ Pubmed, Web of Science, Science Direct’te “animal assisted therapy” or “animal assisted therapies” or “pet therapy” or “pet therapies” and “nursing”, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi ve ULAKBÝM elektronik veri tabanlarýnda ise, “hayvan destekli uygulama”, “hayvan destekli terapi” ve “hemþirelik” anahtar kelimeler kullanýlarak tarandý. Dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan 6 randomize kontrollü çalýþma araþtýrma kapsamýna alýndý. Çalýþmalar örneklem özellikleri, araþtýrmada kullanýlan hayvan türü, uygulama merkezi, kullanýlan ölçüm araçlarý ve elde edilen sonuçlar açýsýndan deðerlendirildi.

BULGULAR: Yayýnlarýn tamamý son altý yýl içinde yapýlmýþtý. Randomize kontrollü çalýþmalarda örneklemin %66.66’sýný yaþlýlarýn, %16.67’sini yetiþkinlerin, %16.67’sini ergenlerin oluþturduðu saptandý. Çalýþmalarýn, yaþlý bakýmevi (%33.33), hastane (%33.33), gündüz yaþlý bakým merkezi (%16.67) saðlýk merkezi ve hastaneler (%16.67) gibi farklý kurumlarda gerçekleþtirildiði, müdahale programlarý kapsamýnda canlý hayvan olarak köpek, robotik evcil hayvan, insansý robot ve robotik evcil hayvanýn kullanýldýðý tespit edildi. Yapýlan müdahalenin etkinliðini deðerlendirmek için farklý ölçüm araçlarýnýn kullanýldýðý görüldü. Hayvan destekli uygulamalarýn, stresi, analjezik ilaç kullanýmýný azalttýðý, yaþam bulgularýný olumlu yönde etkilediði, ruhsal bozukluklarýn tedavisinde diðer tedavilere destek saðladýðý, benlik saygýsýný, sosyal etkileþimi ve yaþam kalitesini arttýrdýðý saptandý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþma sonuçlarý, hemþirelik müdahalesi olarak kullanýlan hayvan destekli uygulamalarýn etkin bir müdahale yöntemi olduðunu ortaya koymaktadýr. Ancak, hayvan destekli uygulamalarýn etkinliðini ortaya koyan randomize kontrollü çalýþmalarýn sýnýrlý olduðu, ülkemizde ise henüz yapýlmýþ bir çalýþma olmadýðý tespit edilmiþtir. Hemþirelik giriþimi olarak hayvan destekli tedavinin uygulanacaðý çalýþmalarýn yapýlmasý ve çalýþma sonuçlarýnýn literatüre kazandýrýlmasýnýn önemli olduðu düþünülmekte ve hemþirelik araþtýrmalarýnda hayvan destekli uygulamalara daha fazla yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: The Nursing Interventions Classification is used for planning nursing care. Animal-assisted practices, an intervention within this classification, is a treatment method that is widely used around the world. However, its use is limited in Turkey. Animal-assisted practices, which are used to support various groups today, constitute an intervention option in addition to medical treatments, ensuring health protection and promotion. This systematic review aims to analyze the randomized controlled studies that used animal-assisted practices and to determine the effects of this procedure and the interventions made, thereby contributing to the literature.
METHODS: The databases on this subject were analyzed without any limitations on the publication year, and a total of 1,985 studies were accessed. The search was made using the keywords “animal assisted therapy,” “animal assisted therapies,” “pet therapy,” “pet therapies,” and “nursing” in the CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, and Science Direct; and the keywords “hayvan destekli uygulama,” “hayvan destekli terapi,” and “hemþirelik” in the electronic databases of the National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education and the ULAKBIM. Six randomized controlled studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. These six studies were evaluated in terms of the characteristics of their samples, the animals used, the place of the practice, the measurement tools, and their results.
RESULTS: All studies were conducted in the last six years. In the randomized controlled studies, the sample comprised 66.66% old people, 16.67% adults, and 16.67% adolescents. The studies were conducted in elderly care centers (33.33%), hospitals (33.33%), elderly day care center (16.67%), and healthcare centers and hospitals (16.67%); they used dogs (as live animal), robotic pets, and humanoid robots within the scope of the intervention programs. They used different measurement tools to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Animal-assisted practices were found to reduce stress and the use of analgesics, positively affect vital signs, support other treatments for mental diseases, and increase self-esteem, social interaction, and quality of life.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that animal-assisted practices were an effective nursing intervention. However, it was found that randomized controlled studies indicating the effectiveness of animal-assisted practices were limited, and that no studies have been conducted in Turkey on this subject. It is suggested that studies should be conducted which use animal-assisted treatment as a nursing intervention, the results of which would further contribute to the literature. It is recommended that animal-assisted practices should be included more in nursing studies.

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Psikiyatri servislerinde saldýrganlýk yönetimi, zor ancak bir o kadar da önemli bir konudur. Saldýrganlýk yönetiminde eskiden beri kullanýlmakta olan klasik yöntemler genellikle baskýcý-zorlayýcý bir doðaya sahip olup, duygusal/fiziksel zararlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum saldýrganlýðýn yönetimi için esnekliðe fýrsat veren alternatif yöntemlerin doðuþuna yol açmýþtýr. Alternatif yöntemler hastanýn duygusunu ve anlatmak istediðini önemsemeyi/fark etmeyi ve problemin çözümünde birlikte çalýþmayý dikkate alarak hasta ve saðlýk çalýþanlarýnda meydana gelmesi olasý zararlarý azaltmayý hedeflemektedir. Bu makalede alternatif sakinleþtirme yöntemlerinden biri olan Len Bowers’ýn (2014) geliþtirdiði basitleþtirilmiþ sakinleþtirme modeli ve uygulama yöntemi anlatýlmýþtýr. Bu model uygulama kolaylýðý, maliyet azlýðý ve çözüm odaklý yaklaþýmý benimsemektedir. Bu sebeple psikiyatri servislerinde saldýrganlýðý önlemeye odaklý bir terapötik ortam yaratýlmasýnda klinik psikiyatri hemþireleri için yol gösterici olacaðý düþünülmektedir.

Aggression management in psychiatric wards has been a difficult but important issue. Classical methods that have been used in aggression management in the past have a repressive-compelling nature and can cause emotional / physical harm. This has led to the emergence of alternative methods that provide flexibility for the management of aggression. Alternative methods consider the patient's feelings and what is wanted to be expressed. It recommends working with the patient to solve the problem, and in this way aims to reduce the potential harm to patients and health workers. In this article, the de-escalation model in the simple form, developed by Len Bowers (2014) as one of the alternative de-escalation methods, is explained. This model is thought to be a guide for clinical psychiatric nurses in creating a therapeutic environment focused on preventing aggression in psychiatric wards due to its ease of application, low cost, and solution-oriented approach.

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