Instructions For Authors

1. The Psychiatric Nursing Journal is a publication issued by the Psychiatric Nurses Association. The publication is a refereed journal aiming to cover studies relating to psychiatric nursing practices, training, management, and researches on the basis of scientific, theoretical and philosophical approaches within the range extending from primary care services to rehabilitation. The journal is published in Turkish and English.
2. The journal covers research articles, original/discussion articles, reviews/compilations, case studies, translations (authorized), study abstracts, letters to the editor, announcements about current scientific meetings, courses, congresses, projects, and books, and theses relating to the new information and developments in the area of psychiatric nursing and mental health.
3. The journal is published four times annually, in March, June, September and December. The four issues comprise one volume.
4. The scientific responsibility of the articles rests with the authors. The publication board of the journal cannot be held responsible in this regard. The articles may not have been published by another journal previously or currently be under consideration for publication in any other journal.
5. The articles that are assessed and approved by the Publication Board and the Advisory Board will be published in the journal. Those articles determined not suitable for publication will not be returned. All rights relating to the text and pictures published will be reserved by the journal. If anything is quoted from the journal, the source should be cited.
6. In research texts, the institution where the research takes place should be indicated. The authors should be the persons directly conducting the study and writing the relevant article; any contributors should be mentioned in the acknowledgments section.
7. If the text has been presented in a scientific meeting, this should be indicated by (*) in the title, and the sign (*) should be explained at the end of the first page, indicating the name, location and date of the meeting.
8. If the study is a master's or doctoral dissertation, this should be indicated by (*) in the title, and the sign (*) should be explained at the end of the first page, indicating the Institute, Year, and whether it is a Master's or Doctoral dissertation, with the name and surname of the advisor included in parentheses.
9. Ethics: In articles including the results of experimental studies, after the details of the procedure(s) to be applied to the volunteers or the patients are explained in full, there should be a statement indicating that consent has been obtained. In such studies, the authors should indicate that they have complied with the provisions set out in internationally recognized guides and regulations and texts issued by the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, and forward the approval of the Ethics Committee.
10. The articles should be comprehensible, and the Turkish counterparts of foreign words and abbreviations should be given in parentheses at their first mention. The Turkish generic names of drugs should be used in the articles instead of the commercial names.
11. The articles are accepted online.
12. The authors may be requested to review the articles considered eligible for publication in line with the comments and suggestions. The publication board may make alterations to the articles, provided that the consent of the author is obtained. Notification of the developments regarding the article will be sent by e-mail. No fees or provision will be paid for the articles to be published in the journal.
13. 13.Copyright Notice: All published material will become the sole property and will be copyrighted by the Journal. No part of the publication may be used without prior written permission of the publisher. Articles and illustrations become the property of the Journal after publication.
14. 14. Open Access: The Psychiatric Nursing Journal is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
15. Commons User Licenses: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) .
16. Policy of screening for plagiarism: The manuscripts are scanned by the Publisher’s Office using the iThenticate program for determination of plagiarism and non-ethical situations.

SPELLING RULES

The articles sent to the journal should be written using Microsoft Word, A4 size, Times New Roman - 12 font, by leaving 2.54 cm margins, with 1.5 line spacing, and in justified format. The first sentence of each paragraph should be indented 5-7 spaces. Single-line spacing should be used in descriptions of the figures and tables, quotations, footnotes, and resources. The page numbers should be indicated at the bottom right corner, starting from the page with text. The study text should be a maximum 15 pages, and the collections and case studies should be a maximum 8 pages. Information from previous studies should not be quoted directly; the relevant information should be indicated in the author's own words. If it is necessary to quote, and the total number of words quoted does not exceed 40, the sentence will be written in quotation marks "...", and the resource and the page number will be given after the quotations are closed, "..." (p...).

The articles should include the following: application letter, cover, abstract (Turkish and English), main text, resources, annexes, tables, and figures. Application Letter: The application letter should indicate that the article has been read and approved by all authors, that it is an original study, and that there are no conflicts of interests. The signatures should be affixed next to the names of the authors.

Cover: The cover should include the title of the study in Turkish and English; the names, titles, institutions and addresses of the authors; and the name, phone and e-mail of the author who is responsible for contacts. The short title of the article, not exceeding 40 characters (including spaces), should also be indicated. This page should include information that the article has not been published elsewhere, the relevant details if it has been presented as a paper, and the name of the supporting institution, if any.

Dear authors:
We are asking you to add a short “Highlights” section to your manuscripts from now on. This addition is necessary because our journal is currently in the PubMed review process and we need to make some revisions during the monitoring period. You will find the necessary details below:

Highlights
What is presently known on this subject? 
(Please provide a sentence about the current knowledge on the subject of your research.)

What does this article add to the existing knowledge? 
(Please provide a sentence describing how your work contributes to the current knowledge.)

What are the implications for practice? 
(Please provide a sentence explaining how your results can be applied.) 

Abstract: The abstract should be one page following the cover, and written in block format. It should include the Turkish and the English title, and should consist of 250 words with sufficient explanation of the purpose and content of the article. The sentences should be summaries giving the necessary information, not be written using first person singular and plural, and be passive and in past tense. The Turkish abstracts should include amaç, yöntem, bulgular, and sonuç sections, while the English text should include objectives, method, results and conclusion sections. The subject of the study, characteristics of the subjects/participants/samples, hypotheses, data collection tools, and the findings should be summarized. The abstract should not include any resources; the Turkish and English key words, not exceeding five, should be included at the end.

Main Text: The study articles consist of: introduction and purpose, method, findings and discussion, comment(s) of the author and the area of use, abbreviations and annexes, and the acknowledgment section.

Introduction and Purpose: The study problem is given, the previous studies relating to the problem are summarized, and the current importance and purpose of the study are indicated. The following points should be taken into consideration before writing the introduction:

• What is the significance of this study?
• How do the hypotheses and experimental design help to solve the study problem?
• What are the contributions to the current literature and theoretical implications of this study?
• On what logic are the tested hypotheses based?
• An appropriate introduction should be able to answer these questions. In trying to answer these questions, the author should present a good literature review, and bring the reader to the answers of these questions step by step. The points to be taken into consideration in the literature review are as follows:
• It should be assumed that the reader is informed about the literature being reviewed and summarized, so the review should not be overly comprehensive or include every detail about the subject.
• It is compulsory to cite references while presenting the findings and implications of previous studies and the original ideas of other authors.
• In a field where there are controversial findings, it is not appropriate to support a party that has similar views, or defend such a party against the other. A neutral approach toward all views should be upheld.
• The information given for literature review should be in a theoretical framework, rather than being a chronological data complexity. Only the relevant studies should be mentioned; a lot of resources do not necessarily imply a good literature review. Finally, the purpose of the study and the hypotheses should be given at the end of the introduction following the study problem and the presentation of the literature.

Method: This section includes information about the method of the study, the data collection tools and the characteristics of the participants/subjects.

The Method section is divided into the following sub-titles:

Participants: It is very important to demonstrate the characteristics of the participants in a scientific study. The aim is to give an idea to the reader about the generalizability of the study findings. In addition, if the study is repeated, the other researchers will know which participants with what characteristics will give similar results. This section should include the following information:

• How the subjects were selected (random)
• How the subjects were appointed to different groups (random)
• Basis of participation of the subjects (voluntary, paid, non-informant)
• Demographics of the subjects (age, sex, etc.).

Tools Used: This section should explain the laboratory devices, tests, scales, and surveys used for any measurements. The psychometric information (reliability and validity) for written tests, surveys and scales should also be given in this section.

Process: In this section, the data collection phase of the study is summarized.

This section includes a summary of the different instructions given to the subjects, how the different experimental groups were formed, any special experimental manipulations, and the experimental design. The experimental and statistical control methods can also be mentioned here. In this section, the author should sufficiently explain in detail what has been done and how it has been done.

Statistical Assessment: This section should include the statistical methods used in the study by the author(s). The authors should explain how the hypotheses were statistically tested and how the results of such tests are presented.

Findings: The data collected and statistical analysis results are presented in this section. The basic findings of the study are given. Only the statistical data to be emphasized should be presented in tables or graphics; such information should not be given in the text. The data obtained should be presented in a maximum of 7 tables/figures/graphics or illustrations. The tables should be prepared using Word, without vertical lines, and numbered; the first word in the title of the table(s) should be capitalized. References should be cited for the tables/figures/graphics taken from other resources. The statistical tests, abbreviations used and the related descriptions should be written in 8-font under the table/figure/graphic, using (*).

Tables, Figures and Graphics: TTables, figures and graphics should be ordered according to the context of the text and attached after the resources or annexes, if any, each on a separate page. Any figures/photos/pictures should be added to the file as a separate .jpg or .gif file (approximately 500x400 pixels, 8 cm width and resolution of 300).

For the articles accepted for publication that include colored figures, pictures, tables, and graphics, a fee may be requested for colored printing.

Discussion: After the findings are presented, the relevant comments are made, and the results are emphasized in the discussion section. The discussion begins with how the hypotheses were verified or falsified. The similarities or conflicts among the findings of the study and other studies should be stated; the strengths, weaknesses and contributions of the study to the literature should be demonstrated. Based on the findings of the study, the theoretical and practical implications should be discussed together with how similar studies can be improved. In general, the following questions should be addressed in the discussion:

• With this finding, what contribution have I made to science?
• How has this study helped me to solve the study problem?
• What are the results and theoretical implications of my study?

Abbreviations and Annexes: The abbreviations should be given in parentheses at their first mention, and the same abbreviation should be used throughout the text. The annexes should consist of survey forms, scales and additional tables. The annexes should be ordered according to their presentation order in the text, on a separate page following the references, with an appropriate title.

Acknowledgements: The author(s) may add a few sentences of acknowledgements for individuals not contributing to the study as authors, but whom they want to thank. The contributions of the relevant individuals should be clearly stated (e.g., funds or material support, technical assistance, general support of the department head, etc.) and explained (e.g. "scientific consultancy", "corrections on the draft", "data collection", participation in the clinical study", etc.).

Indicating the Resources: The resources should be indicated in the order they were cited in the text. The resource numbers within the text should be indicated in square brackets with minimizing superscript. The references should include only the studies that have been published or approved to be published. The references should be in line with the updated "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (http://www.icmje.org). The journal titles should be abbreviated in accordance with Index Medicus. If there are six authors or less, all names should be listed; if there are more than six, six authors should be listed, followed by "et al." or "ve ark.".

Examples:
Books (one author, two authors, three authors)

Carpenito LJ. Handbook of nursing diagnosis. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1997.

Terakye G. Communication in nursing and patient-nurse relations. 2nd ed., Ankara: T.R. Ministry of Health, General Coordinatorship of Health Project; 1994.

Gorman LM, Raines ML, Sultan DF. Psychosocial nursing for general patientcare. 2nd ed. USA: F.A. Davis Company; 2002.

Kökdemir D, Demirutku K. Booklet of academic spelling rules. Ankara: Baþkent University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences; 2000.

Translated Books
Hofling CK, Leininger MM. Basic psychiatric concepts in nursing (Kumral A, Translation Editor). Istanbul: Vehbi Koç Trust Publications; 1960. (Original study, publication date 1961).

Yalom ID. Short-term group therapies: Principles and techniques. (Þahin NH, Translation Editor).

Ankara: Turkish Psychologists Association Publications; 1998. (Original study, publication date 1983).

Section from Book
Groves MS, Muskin PR. Psychological responses to illness. In: Levenson JL, editor. Textbook of psychosomatic medicine. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishings; 2005. p. 67-88.

Kocaman N. Psychosocial care management in pediatric services. Tüzün DÜ, Hergüner S, editor. Biopsychosocial approach in child diseases. Istanbul: Epsilon Publishing Services; 2007. p. 458-71.

Editor Books (one editor, two-editors, three or more editors, section from editor book)

Karancý AN, (editor.) Living with differences, association of the family and the society with individuals with different needs. Ankara: Turkish Psychologists Association Publications; 1997.

Stuart GW, Sundeen SJ, (editors). Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1991.

Connolly T, Arkes HR, Hammond KR, (editors). Judgment and decision making. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

Periodicals (articles with single author, two authors, three authors, more than six authors)

Lazarus RS. Coping theory and research: past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Medicine 1993;55:234-47.

Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hospital anxiety and depression scale.Validity and reliability of Turkish form. Turkish Psychiatric Journal 1997;8:280-7.

Schidmit-Büchi S, Halfens RJ, Dassen T et al. A review of psychosocial needs of breast-cancer patients and their relatives. J Clin Nurs 2008;17(21):2895-909.

Supplementum

Kocaman N, Kutlu Y, Ozkan M, Ozkan S. Predictors of psychosocial adjustment in people with physical disease. J Clin Nurs 2007;16(3A Suppl.):6-16.

Internet Resources
Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, Liu PP, Naimark D, Tu JV. (November 19, 2003). Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 290 (19), 2581-2587. Retrieved November 23, 2003, from http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/290/19/2581.

Borman WC, Hanson MA, Oppler SH, Pulakos ED, White LA. Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 1993;78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycArticles database.

Kökdemir D. (2 November 2003). Dreams and probabilities. 21 November 2003,http://www.elyadal.org/dedektif/ruya2.htm.

Official Publications
American Nurses' Association. Statement on psychiatric mental health nursing practice and standards of psychiatric-mental health clinical practice. Washington: American Nurses' Publishing; 1994.

Thesis
Atik EH. Efficacy of information in eliminating anxiety before anesthetized electro-convulsive treatment in psychiatric patients. Unpublished graduate thesis, Marmara University Social Sciences Institute. 2008.

Hughey AC. The treatment of the Negro in South Carolina fiction.

Unpublished master's thesis, University of South Carolina; 1993.

Brochures and Course Leaflets
Iþýl Ö, Ünsal BG, Onan N, Çýðrýkçý S. Suicide. Guide. Istanbul: 2003.

Iþýl Ö. Communication in in-house care services. Course Book for Training Certified In-House Care Nurses. Istanbul: 2004.

Visual and Audial Media
Yeni Sinemacýlar-Corazon International (Producing Company), Kýzýltan, Ö. (Director), Çakar Ö. (Scenario), (2006). Takva [Movie]. Turkey, Germany (production place), http://www.takva.com.tr (official website).