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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrma toplum ruh saðlýðý merkezinden hizmet alan ve almayan hastalarýn yeti yitimi ve sosyal iþlevsellik düzeyleri ile öznel iyileþme algýlarýný incelemek ve karþýlaþtýrmak amacýyla gerçekleþtirilmiþtir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Karþýlaþtýrmalý ve tanýmlayýcý tipte olan bu araþtýrma, Haziran-Aðustos 2018 tarihleri arasýnda Toplum Ruh Saðlýðý Merkezinden (TRSM) hizmet alan (n=19) ve TRSM’den hizmet almayan (n=19) hastalar ile gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Veriler Yeti Yitimi Deðerlendirme Çizelgesi (WHO-DAS-II), Toplumsal Ýþlevselliði Deðerlendirme Ölçeði (TÝDÖ) ve Öznel Ýyileþmeyi Deðerlendirme Ölçeði (ÖzÝDÖ) ile toplanmýþtýr. Verilerin analizinde, Mann Whitney U testi, Ki-Kare testi ve Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: TRSM’den hizmet alan ve almayan hastalarýn yeti yitimi, sosyal iþlevsellik ve öznel iyileþme algý düzeyleri arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlýlýk bulunmazken TRSM’den hizmet alan hastalarýn yeti yitimlerinin daha az olduðu, iþlevsellikleri ve öznel iyileþme algýlarýnýn daha iyi olduðu belirlendi. Hastalýðýn baþlangýç yaþý ve gelir miktarý arttýkça hastalarýn toplumsal iþlevselliklerinin de arttýðý belirlendi (p=0.031, p=0.032; sýrasýyla). Hastalarýn toplumsal iþlevsellik ile yeti yitimi düzeyleri arasýnda negatif yönde anlamlý bir iliþki olduðu belirlenirken TÝDÖ ve ÖzÝDÖ arasýnda pozitif yönde anlamlý bir iliþki saptandý (p=0.045, p=0.020; sýrasýyla). WHO-DAS-II ve ÖzÝDÖ arasýnda negatif yönde anlamlý bir iliþki olduðu belirlendi (p=0.002).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: TRSM’den hizmet alan hastalar ile hizmet almayan hastalarýn yeti yitimi, toplumsal iþlevsellik ve öznel iyileþmeleri arasýnda anlamlýlýk saptanmadý. Toplumsal iþlevsellik düzeyleri daha iyi olan hastalarýn öznel iyileþme algýlarý daha iyi bulunurken yeti yitiminin daha az olduðu belirlenmiþtir.

INTRODUCTION: This study was aimed to investigate the disability, social functioning and subjective recovery of patients who have been followed up and do not followed up in the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC).
METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive research was conducted with patients who have been followed up in CMHC (n=19) and do not followed up in CMHC (n=19) in between dates of June-August 2018. Questionnaire form, Social Functioning Assessment Scale (SFAS) and Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale (SubRAS) were used for data collection. Data were analysed by the use of Independent-Samples t test, Chi-Square test and Spearman correlation Analysis.
RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between the patients who followed up CMHC and do not followed up CMHC. It was determined that patients who followed up in CMHC had less disability, better functioning and subjective feeling of recovery. It was determined that as age of onset and income increased, the social functioning of the patients also increased (p=0.031, p=0.032, respectively). Significant negative correlation were found between SFAS and WHO-DAS-II (p=0.045) and positive correlation between SFAS and WHO-DAS-II total score (p=0.020). Significant negative correlations were found between WHO-DAS-II and SubRAS total score (p=0.002).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between disability, social functioning and subjective feeling of recovery of patients who followed up in CMHC and do not followed up in CMHC.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrma, bipolar bozukluk tanýlý hastalarýn birincil bakým vericilerinin algýladýðý bakým yükü ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacý ile tanýmlayýcý olarak gerçekleþtirildi.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma Ýstanbul'daki bir üniversite hastanesinin Psikiyatri kliniðinde takip edilen bipolar bozukluk tanýlý hastalarýn bakým vericileri ile Mart - Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasýnda yürütüldü. Veriler, Bilgi Formu ve Bakým Verenlerin Yükü Envanteri (BYE) ile toplandý. Verilerin analizinde; tanýmlayýcý istatistikler, Mann Whitney U testi, Baðýmsýz Örneklem t testi, Kruskal Wallis H testi, One-Way Anova, LSD ve Dunn’s testleri, Spearman ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Bakým vericilerin yaþ ortalamasý 38.36±11.69 olup, %60.4’ünü kadýnlar oluþturmaktadýr. BYE puan ortalamasý 41.99±19.9 olup, alt boyutlarýnda en yüksek puaný geliþimsel yük alt boyutundan (12.35±5.25) aldýklarý görüldü. Bakým vericinin hastanýn çocuðu olmasý, hasta ile ayný evde yaþama, gönüllü olarak bakým verme, bakýmda rollerini yerine getirmede güçlük yaþama, manevi durumunu zayýf olarak deðerlendirme, hastanýn kendi bakýmý ve tedavisi konusunda baþka birinin yardýmýna ihtiyaç duyma sýklýðý, hastalýk belirtilerinin görülme sýklýðý, bipolar bozukluða eþlik eden baþka bir hastalýðýn bulunmasý ve þiddet uygulama sýklýðýna göre BYE ve alt boyut puanlarý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir farklýlýk saptandý (p<0.05). Hastaya haftalýk bakým için ayrýlan süre ile Zaman Baðýmlýlýk Yükü alt boyutu arasýnda pozitif yönlü bir iliþki saptandý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bipolar bozukluk tanýlý hastalarýn bakým verenlerinin orta düzeye yakýn bir yük yaþadýklarý saptandý. Bakým verenlere destek olacak güçlendirme programlarýnýn oluþturulmasý ve geniþ örneklemli karþýlaþtýrýlmalý çalýþmalarýn yapýlmasý önerilebilir.

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out using a descriptive design to determine the perceived care burden of primary caregivers of bipolar patients and the related factors.
METHODS: The sample of the study included caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder in the outpatient clinics and inpatient clinics of a university hospital in Istanbul. Data were collected between March and September 2018 using a personal information form and the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Mann Whitney U test, independent sample t test, Kruskal Wallis H test, one-way ANOVA, LSD, and Dunn’s tests, and Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Analysis of the data indicated that 60.4% of the caregivers were women and that the mean age of the caregivers was 38.36±11.69 years. The caregivers’ mean score on the Caregivers’ Burden Inventory was 41.99±19.9, with the highest mean score on the subscales being 12.35±5.25 on the Developmental Burden subscale. Caregivers who resided in the same home as the patient, were children of the patient, voluntarily provided care, experienced frequent difficulties in performing their role, evaluated their spiritual life as weak, had a patient often needed help from someone else in self-care and treatment, were subjected to violence by their patients, and had a patient with a high frequency of symptoms associated with bipolar disorder or comorbidities had statistically significantly higher total scores on the Caregivers’ Burden Inventory and on the Inventory’s sub-scales than those of others (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of days per week the caregivers provided care and the Time Dependence Burden subscale (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Caregivers of the patients with bipolar disorder had a nearly moderate level of burden. It is recommended that additional comparative studies involving larger samples of caregivers from different socioeconomic backgrounds be conducted on the subject of care burden.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, saðlýk çalýþanlarýnda sosyal zekâ, benlik saygýsý ve psikolojik saðlamlýk arasýndaki iliþkiyi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacý ile yapýldý.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu araþtýrma 03 Haziran–15 Eylül 2017 tarihleri arasýnda kesitsel ve tanýmlayýcý olarak Siirt Devlet Hastanesinde araþtýrmaya katýlmayý kabul eden 241 saðlýk çalýþaný ile yapýldý. Araþtýrma verileri; Bireysel Bilgi Formu, Rosenberg Benlik Saygýsý Ölçeði (RBSÖ), Tromso Sosyal Zekâ Ölçeði (TSZÖ)ve Kýsa Psikolojik Saðlamlýk Ölçeði (KPSÖ) kullanýlarak toplandý. Veriler SPSS Windows 22.0 versiyonu kullanýlarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Saðlýk çalýþanlarýnýn ölçeklerden aldýklarý toplam puan ortalamalarý; TSZÖ, 74.2±11.4, RBSÖ, 21.2±4.18, KPSÖ, 19.5±5.0 olduðu saptandý. Rosenberg Benlik Saygýsý Ölçeði, Kýsa Psikolojik Saðlamlýk Ölçeði ve Tromso Sosyal Zekâ Ölçeði ve sosyal zekâ alt ölçekleri arasýnda pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir iliþki olduðu ve sosyal zekânýn, benlik saygýsý ve psikolojik saðlamlýðý yordayan bir faktör olduðu belirlendi (p<0.001). Kendini ifade etme yeteneði iyi olan saðlýk çalýþanlarýn benlik saygýsý, sosyal zekâ ve psikolojik saðlamlýklarýnýn istatistiksel olarak anlamlý ve yüksek olduðu saptandý (p<0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Saðlýk çalýþanlarýnýn, benlik saygýlarýnýn yeterli, sosyal zekâ ve psikolojik saðlamlýklarýnýn iyi düzeyde olduðu ve benlik saygýsý, psikolojik saðlamlýk ve sosyal zekânýn birbiri ile iliþkili olduðu belirlendi. Saðlýk çalýþanlarýnýn, benlik saygýsý, sosyal zekâ ve psikolojik saðlamlýk düzeylerinin artmasý ile stres ve tükenmiþlikle baþ etmelerinin kolaylaþacaðý ifade edilebilir.

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between social intelligence, self-esteem and resilience in healthcare professionals and the affecting factors.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. It was conducted at the Siirt Public Hospital between June 3 and September 15, 2017 with 241 healthcare professionals who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) and the short version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14). The data were analyzed using SPSS Windows 22.0.
RESULTS: The mean total scores obtained by the healthcare professionals were 74.2±11.4 on the TSIS, 21.2±4.18 on the RSES, and 19.5±5.0 on the RS-14. A positive statistically significant relationship was found between results on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the short version of the Resilience Scale, and the Tromso Social Intelligence scale and social intelligence subscales (p<0.001). Additionally, social intelligence was determined to be a factor predicting self-esteem and resilience. The self-esteem, social intelligence and resilience of the healthcare professionals who were good at self-expression were statistically significant and high (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The healthcare professionals had sufficient self-esteem and good levels of social intelligence and resilience, and self-esteem, resilience, and social intelligence were correlated. It can be suggested from these results that higher self-esteem, social intelligence and resilience levels in healthcare professionals would help them cope with stress and burnout.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Araþtýrma; hemþirelik öðrencilerinde, çeliþik duygulu cinsiyetçiliðin menstrüal tutuma etkisini deðerlendirmek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Tanýmlayýcý tipte olan bu araþtýrma 2017–2018 eðitim-öðretim yýlýnda 289 hemþirelik öðrencisi ile yürütülmüþtür. Veri toplama aracý olarak öðrencilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini, menstrüasyon ile ilgili durumlarýný belirleyici araþtýrmacýlar tarafýndan geliþtirilen soru formu, “Çeliþik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeði (ÇDCÖ)” ve “Menstrüasyon Tutum Ölçeði (MTÖ)” kullanýlmýþtýr. Veriler bilgisayar ortamýnda deðerlendirilmiþ ve tanýmlayýcý veriler; sayý, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma olarak sunulmuþtur. ÇDCÖ ve MTÖ puanlarý arasýnda pearson korelasyon analizi yapýlmýþtýr. Ýstatistiksel anlamlýlýk düzeyi olarak p<.05 kabul edilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya katýlan öðrencilerin, yaþ ortalamasý 19.73±1.33 olup, %37.4’ü birinci sýnýfa devam etmektedir. Çalýþmaya katýlan öðrencilerin ÇDCÖ toplam puan ortalamasý 76.79±15.31, düþmanca cinsiyetçilik alt boyutu puan ortalamasý 40.97±9.87, korumacý cinsiyetçilik alt boyutu puan ortalamasý ise 35.81±8.76 olarak saptanmýþtýr. Öðrencilerin MTÖ toplam puan ortalamasýnýn 86.86±10.31 olduðu görülmüþtür. ÇDCÖ ile MTÖ puanlarý arasýndaki iliþki incelendiðinde; ÇDCÖ toplam puaný ve alt boyutlarý ile MTÖ toplam puanlarý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir korelasyon bulunmamýþtýr (p>.05). ÇDCÖ ile MTÖ alt boyutlarý arasýndaki iliþki incelendiðinde ise bazý alt boyutlar arasýnda iliþki olduðu saptanmýþtýr (p<.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çeliþik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ile menstrüal tutum arasýnda anlamlý bir iliþki olmadýðý belirlenmiþtir. Öðrencilerin menstrüal tutumunu olumlu yönde geliþtirmek ve sürdürmek için menstrüal tutumu etkileyebilecek faktörler araþtýrýlmalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates the effects of ambivalent sexism on nursing students’ menstrual attitudes.
METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out with 289 nursing students during the 2017–2018 academic year. A questionnaire developed by the researchers about the students’ socio-demographic and menstruation characteristics, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) were used as data collection tools. The data were evaluated using SPSS 14.0. The descriptive data are shown as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Pearson’s correlation was used with the ASI and MAQ scores. The threshold for statistical significance was p<.05.
RESULTS: The students’ mean age was 19.73±1.33 and 37.4% of them were in their first year of study. Their mean ASI score was 76.79±15.31, their mean hostile sexism subscale score was 40.97±9.87, and their mean benevolent sexism subscale score was 35.81±8.76. Their mean MAQ score was 86.86±10.31. There were no statistically significant correlations between their ASI scale and subscale scores, and their MAQ scores (p>.05). There was a relationship between their ASI score and some MAQ subscale scores (p<.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant relationships between ambivalent sexism and menstrual attitude. The factors that may affect menstrual attitudes should be investigated in order to improve and maintain students’ menstrual attitude.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Yirmi dört saat kesintisiz hizmet vermesi ve sürekli etkileþim gerektirmesi nedeniyle hemþirelik mesleði açýsýndan kendini tanýma oldukça önem teþkil etmektedir. Kendi yetenek ve becerilerini yeteri kadar tanýmayan hemþire kendi duygusal ihtiyaçlarýný kompanse etmek hasta da bakým gereksinimlerinin giderilmesi için birbirlerine karþý kendi gereksinimlerinden ödün verebilirler, iliþkide birbirlerine baðýmlý hale gelebilirler. Bu doðrultuda, bu çalýþmanýn amacý, öðrenci hemþirelerin kendini tanýma ve kiþilerarasý iliþkilerde karþýlýklý baðýmlý olma durumlarýnýn incelenmesidir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma nicel, kesitsel ve korelasyonel olarak tasarlanmýþtýr. Araþtýrmanýn örneklemini hemþirelik lisans programýnda öðrenim gören 446 öðrenci oluþturmaktadýr. Katýlýmcýlara Giessen Test (GT), Eþ-Baðýmlýlýk Belirleme Ölçeði (EÞBBÖ) ve sosyo demografik özelliklerin yer aldýðý veri toplama formu uygulanmýþtýr. Veri analizi SPSS 18.0 paket programý ile yapýlmýþtýr. Nicel deðiþkenler için ortalama, standart sapma ve minimum-maximum deðerler hesaplanmýþtýr. Baðýmsýz deðiþkenler için Pearson's korelasyon testi uygulanmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmada dördüncü sýnýf öðrencilerin kontrollü, sosyal açýdan uyumlu, baðýmlý olmayý tercih eden ve depresif kiþilik özelliklerine sahip olduklarý tespit edilmiþtir. Karþýlýklý baðýmlý olma durumlarý açýsýndan birinci sýnýf öðrenci hemþireler dördüncü sýnýf öðrenci hemþirelere göre baþkalarýna odaklý, benlik deðerleri yüksek ve kendilerini gizlemeyi tercih ettikleri bulunmuþtur. Kendini tanýma ile karþýlýklý baðýmlý olma durumu arasýnda benlik deðeri ile sosyal uyum-olumsuz sosyal uyum ve hipomanik- depresif alt boyutu arasýnda pozitif yönde iliþki bulunmuþtur (p<0.01).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Öðrenci hemþirelerin kendini tanýma ve karþýlýklý baðýmlý olma durumlarýnda benlik deðeri, sosyal açýdan uyumlu-uyumsuz olma ile hipomanik-depresif olma özelliklerinin etkili olduðu görülmüþtür. Bu doðrultuda öðrenci hemþirelerde karþýlýklý baðýmlýlýk geliþiminin önlenmesi/iyileþmesi ve kendini tanýma düzeylerinin yeterli olmasý için öðrencilerin benlik deðerini destekleyici, duygu durumlarýný ve sosyal açýdan geliþimlerini olumlu yönde etkileyen, deðiþim ve geliþim amaçlý öðretim ve eðitim uygulanabilir.

INTRODUCTION: Because the nursing profession demands the provision of services and continuous interaction with people uninterruptedly for 24 hours a day, self-recognýtýon is important for nurses. With the patient aiming to fulfil his/her needs for care and the nurse without adequate self-recognýtýon aiming to compensate her own emotional needs, both parts can reciprocally compromise on their own needs and become dependent on each other in the relationship. The aim of this study to examine the self-recognition of the nursing students and the conditions of co-dependence.
METHODS: The research has been designed to be quantitative, cross-sectional and correlative. Sample of the research consists of 446 students attending nursery undergraduate program. Giessen Test (GT), Co-dependency Assessment Tool (CODAT) and a data collection form, which includes socio-demographic characteristics, have been applied to participants. Data analysis has been carried out with the SPSS 18.0 packet program. Mean, standard deviation, and the minimum and the maximum values were calculated for the quantitative variables. Pearson’s correlation test was used for analyzing the independent variables.
RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the fourth-grade students preferred to be controlled, socially potent, and submissive, and they had depressive personality characteristics. Regarding the co-dependency status of the nursing students, it was observed that the first-grade students tended to focus on the others, their self-worth was high, and they displayed a hiding self compared to the fourth-grade students. A positive correlation was found between self-awareness and co-dependency. Also, it was found that self-worth was positively correlated with the social potency-social impotency and hypomanic-depressive features (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Self-recognýtýon and co-dependency characteristics of student nurses were affected by self-worth, social potency/impotency, and hypomanic-depressive characteristics. Ýn order to prevent/correct co-dependence and to improve self-recognýtýon adequately in student nurses, education and training activities for supporting students' self-worth, self-recognition, affecting their mood and social potency favorably.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, tüp bebek tedavisine baþvuran kadýnlarýn umutsuzluk, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþma, bir üniversite hastanesinin “Tüp Bebek Ünitesi”ne Ekim-Kasým 2019 tarihleri arasýnda baþvuran, araþtýrmaya katýlmayý kabul eden ve infertil tanýsý almýþ 70 kadýn hasta ile yürütülmüþtür. Çalýþmanýn verileri, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeði (BUÖ), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeði (BAÖ), Beck Depresyon Ölçeði (BDÖ) ve Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu ile yüz yüze görüþme tekniði kullanýlarak toplanmýþtýr. Çalýþmanýn etik izni, araþtýrmanýn yapýldýðý üniversitenin klinik araþtýrmalar biriminden alýnmýþtýr. Tanýmlayýcý verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde frekans ve yüzdelikler; iliþki ve karþýlaþtýrmalar için Ki-Kare ve Spearman Korelasyon Testi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya katýlan kadýnlarýn %44.4’ü lise, %21.4’ü üniversite mezunudur. Kadýnlarýn %60’ý gelir getiren bir iþte çalýþmamakta ve %57.2’sinin gelir durumu orta düzeydedir. Kadýnlarýn %41.4’ü 33 ve üzeri yaþta, %55.7’si kendisinden kaynaklanan nedenlerden dolayý çocuk sahibi olamadýðýný bildirmiþtir. Evlilik yýlý ortalamalarý 7.4, korunmasýz yýl ortalamalarý 6.1, BUÖ, BAÖ ve BDÖ puan ortalamalarý sýrasýyla 7, 35 ve 17’dir. Çalýþmaya katýlan kadýnlarýn, gelir getiren bir iþte çalýþma durumlarý ile BAÖ ve BDÖ puanlarý arasýnda ve korunmasýzlýk yýllarý ile BAÖ puanlarý arasýnda anlamlý bir iliþki olduðu belirlenmiþtir. Kadýnlarýn eðitim durumlarý ile BAÖ ve BDÖ puanlarý arasýnda ters yönde bir iliþki olduðu buna karþýn iþsizlik durumlarý ile BUÖ, BAÖ ve BDÖ puanlarý arasýnda pozitif yönde anlamlý bir iliþki olduðu görülmüþtür.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrmaya katýlan kadýnlarýn eðitim düzeyleri düþtükçe BDÖ ve BAÖ puanlarýnýn arttýðý ve çalýþmayanlarýn BUÖ, BAÖ ve BDÖ puanlarýnýn yüksek olduðu ayrýca korunmasýz kaldýklarý yýllar arttýkça anksiyete puanlarýnýn da arttýðý görülmüþtür. Bu bulgulara göre infertilite tedavisi alan kadýnlardan; eðitim düzeyi düþük olanlar, çalýþmayanlar ve korunmasýzlýk yýllarý fazla olanlarýn risk grubu olarak ele alýnmasý, kaygý ve depresyon yönünden taranmasý gerekmektedir. Ýnfertilite alanýnda çalýþan tüm hemþireler, tedavi baþarýsýný artýrmak için psikososyal danýþmanlýk becerilerini geliþtirmeli ve danýþmanlýk becerileri bu alanda verilen hizmetlerde aktif kullanýlmalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: This study was performed to determine the level of hopelessness, anxiety and depression in women who applied for infertility treatment.
METHODS: The study was conducted with 70 female patients who applied to the “IVF Unit” of a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey between October and November 2019, had agreed to participate in the study and were diagnosed with infertility. The data of the study were collected using the face to face interview technique with the Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BHI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Socio-demographic Information Forms. The ethical permission of the study was taken from the clinical research unit of the university where the research was conducted. Frequency and percentages in the evaluation of descriptive data; Chi-Square and Spearman Correlation Test was used for relationships and comparisons.
RESULTS: Of the participants, 44.4% completed high school and 21.4% had an undergraduate degree. Of them, 60% were unemployed and 57.2% are middle-income earners. Of them, 41.4% were 33 and older; 55.7% stated that they had no children due to infertility. The average year of marriage was 7.4, average years of unprotected intercourse was 6.1, and BHI, BAI and BDI score averages were 7, 35 and 17 respectively. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between the status of unemployment of the women participating in the study and BHI, BAI and BDI scores, and between the years of unprotected intercourse and the BAI scores. It was observed that there was a negative correlation between women's education levels and the BAI and BDI scores, whereas there was a positive relationship between unemployed and BHI, BAI and BDI.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As the education levels of the women participating in the study decreased, BDI and BAI scores increased. It was observed that unemployed women had high scores on BHI, BAI and BDI, and anxiety scores increased as the years they had unprotected intercourse increased. According to these findings, among women receiving infertility treatment; those with a low education level, those who do not work and those with many years of having unprotected intercourse should be considered as a high risk group and screened for anxiety and depression. Nurses working in the field of infertility should improve their psychosocial counseling skills and consultancy skills should be used actively in the services provided in this field.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý çocuklarda deliryumu belirlemek üzere bir form geliþtirilmesidir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmada söz konusu formu geliþtirmek için Delphi tekniði kullanýlmýþtýr. Bilimsel araþtýrmalar yürütmüþ uzmanlar ile daha önce çocuk yoðum bakýmý alanýnda çalýþmýþ saðlýk uzmanlarý araþtýrmaya dahil edilmiþtir. Ýlk aþamada katýlýmcýlarýn verdiði yanýtlardan toplam 47 madde seçilmiþ ve bu maddeler ikinci aþamada kullanýlmak üzere beþli Likert tipi anketine dönüþtürülerek araþtýrmanýn ilk aþamasýna katýlan 46 kiþiye daðýtýlmýþtýr. Ýkinci aþama 38 kiþinin katýlýmý ile tamamlanmýþtýr. Ýkinci aþama tamamlandýktan sonra maddeler üzerinde istatiksel analiz yapýlmýþ ve söz konusu 38 kiþiye anket daðýtýlmýþtýr. Veriler deðerlendirilirken merkezi eðilim ölçülerinden yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, medyan, birinci çeyreklik ve üçüncü çeyreklik ile aralýk deðerleri kullanýlmýþtýr. Medyan, Birinci Çeyreklik (Q1), Üçüncü Çeyreklik (Q3) ve Geniþlik (Q3-Q1), Delphi tekniði ile toplanan verilerin analizi sýrasýnda zayýf maddelerin belirlenmesi için kullanýlan istatiksel ölçülerdir.
BULGULAR: Delphi tekniði ile elde edilen sonuçlara göre katýlýmcýlar çocuklarda deliryumun belirlenmesi ile ilgili 32 madde üzerinde anlaþmaya varmýþlarýdýr. Çocuklarda deliryum ile ilgili en önemli taný kriteri, Delphi yöntemi kullanýlarak tespit edilen ortak karara göre tanýmlanmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Delphi tekniði kullanýlarak geliþtirilen çocuklarda deliryum taný formunun yoðun bakým ünitesinde çalýþan hemþireler için uygun olduðu sonucuna varýlmýþtýr. Bu tamamen niteliksel bir araþtýrmadýr. Dolayýsýyla, bu araþtýrmada uzmanlarýn görüþleri doðrultusunda geliþtirilen formun yoðun bakým ünitelerinde yatan pediatrik hastalar söz konusu olduðunda hemþirelerin zorluk yaþadýðý deliryum tanýsý için uygunluðunu doðrulamak için nicel olarak analiz edilmesi önerilmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to develop a form capable of identifying delirium in children.
METHODS: To develop this form, the Delphi method was used in this study and involved the participation of specialists who have conducted scientific studies and health professionals who have previously worked in the field of pediatrics intensive care. A total of 47 items were selected from the responses given in the first stage, and these items were then prepared in the form of a five-point Likert-type questionnaire for the second stage and delivered to 46 people who participated in the first stage. The second stage was completed with 38 respondents. After the completion of the second stage, the items underwent statistical analysis and were delivered to the same 38 people. Central tendency measures, including percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, first quarter and third quarter, and range were used to evaluate the data. Median, First Quarter (Q1), Third Quarter (Q3) and Width (Q3-Q1) are the statistical measures used to identify compromised items in the analysis of data collected by the Delphi method.
RESULTS: According to the results from the Delphi method, the participants agreed on 32 items for delirium determination in children. The most important diagnostic criteria for delirium in children was defined by the consensus derived from the Delphi method.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the delirium diagnosis form for children that was developed using the Delphi method may be suitable for nurses working in intensive care units. As this study was strictly qualitative in nature, it is recommended that the form this study developed based on the opinions of experts, be quantitatively analyzed to further confirm its suitability for the diagnosis of delirium, which is difficult for nurses to diagnose in pediatric patients hospitalized in intensive care units.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Araþtýrmanýn amacý þizofreni hastalarýnýn ebeveynlerinin damgalanma deneyimlerini açýklamaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma tanýmlayýcý kalitatif tasarýmdadýr. Þizofreni hastasýna bakým veren 16 ebeveyn araþtýrmanýn örneklemini oluþmuþtur. Veriler yüz yüze, derinlemesine görüþme yöntemi ile toplanmýþtýr. Veri analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Ebeveynlerin damgalanma deneyimleri çok boyutlu bir fenomendir. Görüþmelerden elde edilen veriler: damgalamanýn boyutlarý, damgalamanýn yaþantýya etkileri, damgalama ile baþetme ve çözüm önerileri olmak üzere dört tema altýnda toplanmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuç olarak þizofreni hastasýna bakým veren ebeveynler damgalamadan hem duygusal hem de sosyal yaþamlarýnda olumsuz olarak etkilenmekte, baþetmede zorlanmakta ve damgalanma deneyimiyle mücadelede topluma bilgi verilmesi ve empatik anlayýþ kazandýrýlmasýnýn gerekliliðine vurgu yapmaktadýrlar. Saðlýk profesyonellerinin ebeveynlerinde damgalanma deneyimlerinin ve bu deneyimin etkilerinin farkýnda olmalarý önemlidir.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the stigmatization experiences of parents of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
METHODS: This is a descriptive qualitative study. The study sample consisted of 16 parents providing care to individuals with schizophrenia. The study data were collected via individual interviews and analyzed using content analysis.
RESULTS: Stigmatization experience is a multidimensional phenomenon. The data obtained in the interviews were categorized in four themes: the dimensions of stigmatization, the effects of stigmatization on life, coping with stigmatization and recommendations for reducing stigmatization.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The parents were adversely affected by stigmatization both in their emotional and social lives, and they have difficulty coping. The parents emphasized that society should be informed about fighting stigmatization and be encouraged to empathize with people who suffer from stigmatization. It is important for health professionals to be aware about parents’ stigmatization experiences and their effects.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma psikiyatri kliniðinde çalýþan hemþirelerin düþünce ve deneyimlerini ortaya çýkarmak amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmada nitel araþtýrma yöntemlerinden, durum çalýþmasý kullanýlmýþtýr. Araþtýrmada üç devlet hastanesinin psikiyatri kliniðinde çalýþan 10 hemþire ile bireysel görüþmeler yapýlmýþtýr. Veri toplama aracý olarak “Kiþisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Yarý Yapýlandýrýlmýþ Görüþme Rehberi” kullanýlmýþtýr. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmada katýlýmcýlarýn 9/10’u kadýn, 5/10’u 41–50 yaþ arasýnda ve 6/10’u lisans mezunudur. Psikiyatri kliniðinde hemþire olmanýn anlamý sorusunda en çok ortaya çýkan temalar “ruhsal hastalýða yönelik farkýndalýk” (4/10) olmuþtur. Katýlýmcýlara göre psikiyatri kliniðinde hemþire olmayý zorlaþtýran faktörler “kurumsal faktörler”, kolaylaþtýran faktörler ise “sevmek” (6/10), “ekip dinamiði” (6/10) olarak belirlenmiþtir. Psikiyatri kliniklerinin “bütüncül bakým” (5/10) verilmesi bakýmýndan diðer kliniklerden farklý olduðu belirtilmiþtir.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Ülkemizdeki mevcut ruh saðlýðý yapýsý içinde psikiyatri kliniðinde hemþire olmayý zorlaþtýran birçok faktör bulunmaktadýr. Psikiyatri kliniðinde çalýþan hemþirelerin lisansüstü eðitime teþvik edilmesi ve lisansüstü eðitimini tamamlayan hemþirelerin ise alanda uzman hemþire olarak istihdamlarýnýn saðlanmasýnýn psikiyatri hemþireliði alanýna katký saðlayacaðý ve hemþirelik bakýmýnýn kalitesini artýracaðý düþünülmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to investigate the thoughts and experiences of nurses working in a psychiatric department.
METHODS: Qualitative research methods and case study techniques were used. Individual interviews were conducted with 10 nurses working in the psychiatric department of 3 public hospitals. A personal information form and a semi-structured interview guide were used as data collection tools. Descriptive analysis methods were used to report the findings.
RESULTS: Of the study participants, 9/10 were women, 5/10 were aged 41–50, and 6/10 had a university degree. The most prominent theme related to the meaning of being a nurse in a psychiatric department was "awareness of mental illness" (4/10). The most common factor cited that make it difficult to be a nurse in a psychiatric department was "institutional factors" (7/10), and factors facilitating their work were as "support from the department" (6/10) and "team dynamics" (6/10). A notable difference in psychiatric nursing compared with general nursing was the emphasis on "holistic care" (5/10).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There are many factors that make it difficult to be a psychiatric nurse. Improvements such as additional training will contribute to the field of psychiatric nursing and increase the quality of nursing care.

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Günümüzde internetin yaygýn kullanýmý kötü amaçlý sitelerin artmasýna, bu sitelerde failler ile çocuklarýn karþýlaþmasýna ve çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarýnýn ortaya çýkmasýna neden olmaktadýr. Çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarý, bir çocuktan cinsel tatmin saðlama amacýyla cinsel içerikli materyal elde etme, bu materyalleri görüntüleme, toplama, maddi kazanç amacýyla daðýtma eylemlerini içermektedir. Çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarý, çocuk ve ailelerde ruhsal iyilik halinin bozulmasýna yol açarak toplum ruh saðlýðýný tehdit etmektedir. Alan yazýnda çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarý ile ilgili yeterince çalýþma olmadýðý, daha çok çocuk pornografisi ile ilgili çalýþmalarýn olduðu görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, mevcut literatür ýþýðýnda çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarý tanýmý ve süreç özellikleri, çevrimiçi cinsel istismar maðdurlarýnýn yaygýnlýðý, çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismar maðdurlarýnýn ve suçlularýnýn özellikleri ile ilgili bilgiler aktarýlmaktadýr. Ayrýca derlemede, pedofilik kültürün çocuk cinsel istismarýný nasýl desteklediði ve suçlularýn yakalanmama stratejileri ile ilgili veriler de sunulmaktadýr. Çevrimiçi ortamda geçirilen sürenin artmasý ve suçlularýn yeni stratejiler geliþtirmesi, çocuklarýn çevrimiçi ortamda cinsel istismara maruz kalma risklerini de arttýrmaktadýr. Bu nedenle çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarýnýn tespit edilmesi ve önlenmesi toplum ruh saðlýðýnýn korunmasý ve geliþtirilmesi bakýmýndan önemlidir. Bu derlemede aktarýlan çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarý literatür bilgisi ile ruh saðlýðý profesyonellerinin farkýndalýklarýnýn artmasýna ve gelecekteki çalýþmalara katkýda bulunmaya çalýþýlmaktadýr.

Today, with the widespread use of the internet, online child sexual abuse, facilitated through the rise in malicious sites that offer perpetrators the opportunity to interact with children, has emerged. Online child sexual abuse involves the obtaining, displaying, collecting, and distributing of sexual content for the purpose of deriving sexual satisfaction from a child. Online child sexual abuse threatens community mental health in terms of the harm it can cause to the mental health of children and families. The relevant literature includes only a limited number of studies on online child sexual abuse, with most focusing on child pornography. In this review, a definition of online child sexual abuse and its characteristics, the prevalence of online sexual abuse, and the characteristics of online child sexual abuse victims and offenders are presented in the light of the current literature. In addition, the review also provides information on how pedophilic culture facilitates child sexual abuse and, on the strategies, criminals employ to avoid being caught. The increased amount of time spent online and the development of new strategies by criminals escalates the risk of children being exposed to sexual abuse online. Therefore, it is crucial that online child sexual abuse be detected and prevented to protect community mental health. This review aims to raise awareness in mental health professionals by presenting information on online child sexual abuse literature and to contribute valuable data to future studies on this subject.

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