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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, Türk kültüründe hemþire hasta iletiþiminde kullanýlan hitap þekli ve bu hitap þekli ile hemþirelik bakýmý arasýndaki iliþkiyi incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Tanýmlayýcý türde olan çalýþma, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde yatmakta olan 186 bireyle tamamlanmýþtýr. Veri toplama aracý olarak, Kiþisel Bilgi Formu ve hemþirelik bakýmýný deðerlendiren iki ölçek kullanýlmýþtýr. Veri analizinde tanýmlayýcý istatistikler, normallik testi, Pearson korelasyon testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya katýlan hastalarýn yaþ ortalamasý 50.9±16.5 ve %50’si kadýndýr. Hastalarýn %54.9’unun kronik bir hastalýk nedeniyle yatmakta olduðu ve %39.8’inin tedavi alma sürelerinin 2-5 gün arasýnda olduðu saptanmýþtýr. Hemþireler hastalara (%59.1) ve hastalar hemþirelere (%69.4) çoðunlukla formal hitap þeklini kullanmaktadýr. Hastalarýn üçte ikisi (%66.1) hemþirelerden kendilerine informal hitap þeklini kullanmalarýný istemektedir. Hasta-hemþire arasýndaki hitap þekline iliþkin deðiþkenler ile yaþ, eðitim durumu, medeni durum, çocuk sayýsý ve meslek arasýnda istatistiksel açýdan anlamlý fark bulunmuþtur (p<.05). Hastanýn Hemþirelik Bakýmýný Algýlayýþ Ölçeði ve Bakým Davranýþlarý Ölçeði-24 toplam puaný ile hemþire hasta arasýndaki hitap þekli arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý iliþki bulunmuþtur (p<.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Hemþire-hasta iletiþiminde genellikle formal hitap biçimi kullanýlmaktadýr. Fakat hastalarýn çoðu hemþirelerin kendisine informal hitap etmesini istemektedir. Hastanýn yaþý arttýkça hemþirelerin hastalara karþý informal hitap þeklini kullanma durumlarý artmaktadýr. Ayrýca informal hitap edilen hastalar, hemþirelik bakýmýndan daha memnundur.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the forms of address used between nurses and patients and their effect on nursing care in Turkish culture.

METHODS: This descriptive study was completed with 186 inpatients at Akdeniz University Hospital in Antalya, Turkey. A personal information form and two scales concerning nursing care were used. The personal information form asked which forms of address the patients used with nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 50.9±16.5, and 50% were female. The study found that 54.9% of the patients were hospitalized for chronic disease, and 39.8% has been in treatment for 2-5 days. The formal form of address was used most by both nurses (59.1%) and patients (69.4%). Two-thirds of the patients (66.1%) preferred to be addressed informally by nurses. There were statistically significant differences between forms of address and age, education, marital status, number of children and occupation. There were statistically significant relationships between the Scale of Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing, the Nursing Care Behaviors Inventory-24 and forms of address (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The formal form of addresses is usually used in communication between patients and nurses. However, most patients want nurses to address them informally. As patients’ age increases, nurses’ use of informal address also increases. The study also determined that the patients who were addressed informally were more satisfied with their nursing care.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Araþtýrma, hemþirelerin konsültasyon liyezon psikiyatrisi hemþireliði hakkýndaki bilgi ve uygulamalarýnýn incelenmesi amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Tanýmlayýcý araþtýrma, Nisan ve Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasýnda bir üniversite hastanesinin dahili ve cerrahi birimlerinde çalýþan 136 hemþireyle yapýlmýþtýr. Araþtýrma verileri, Tanýtýcý Bilgi Formu ve Konsültasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi (KLP) Hemþireliði Soru Formu ile toplanmýþtýr. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde, sayý yüzde daðýlýmý kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmaya katýlan hemþirelerin yaþ ortalamasý 33.94±5.69 olup, %91.2’sinin kadýn, tamamýnýn lisans mezunu olduðu, %70.6’sýnýn dahili kliniklerde, %29.4’ünün cerrahi kliniklerde, %42.6’sýnýn çalýþtýðý klinikte, %31.6’sýnýn toplamda 1–5 yýldýr çalýþtýðý bulunmuþtur. Hemþirelerin %65.4’ünün ruhsal sýkýntý yaþayan hastayla, %32.4’ünün ise ruhsal sýkýntý yaþayan saðlýk çalýþanýyla karþýlaþtýðý, %44.9’unun ruhsal sýkýntý yaþayan hastaya bakým verirken güçlük yaþadýðý belirlenmiþtir. Hemþirelerin %44.9’unun biyopsikososyal bakýmý, %27.2’sinin psikososyal bakýmý tanýmlayabildiði, %96.3’ünün psikososyal bakýmý önemli bulduðu bulunmuþtur. Araþtýrmaya katýlan hemþirelerin %40.5’inin KLP hemþireliðinin tanýmýný bilmediði, %94.9’unun daha önce KLP hemþiresiyle çalýþmadýðý, %74.3’ünün ise çalýþtýklarý klinikte KLP hemþiresine ihtiyaç duyduðu saptanmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Hemþirelerin ruhsal sýkýntý yaþayan hastaya bakým verirken güçlük yaþadýðý, bu alanda uzman bir profesyonelden desteðe gereksinimlerinin olduðu, ayný zamanda biyopsikososyal bakým, psikososyal bakým, konsültasyon liyezon psikiyatrisi hemþireliði konularýnda bilgi gereksinimlerinin olduðu sonucuna varýlmýþtýr. Bu sonuçlar doðrultusunda, gereksinimi karþýlayacak konsültasyon liyezon psikiyatrisi hemþirelerinin yetiþtirilmesi için lisansüstü programlarýn açýlmasý ve yaygýnlaþtýrýlmasý önerilmiþtir

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to examine the knowledge and practices of nurses in CLP nursing.
METHODS: The average age of the nurses participating in the study was 33.94±5.69, 91.2% of them were women, all of them had license degrees, 70.6% were in internal medicine clinics, 29.4% were in surgical units, 42.6% were in clinics and 31.6% had worked between one and five years. The study determined that 65.4% of the nurses encountered a patient suffering from mental distress, 32.4% encountered a health professional suffering from mental distress, and 44.9% had difficulties while giving care to patients suffering from mental distress. The study found that 44.9% of the nurses could define biopsychosocial care, 27.2% could define psychosocial care and 96.3% considered psychosocial care to be important. Of the nurses, 4.4% knew the definition of CLP nursing, 94.9% had not worked with consultation liaison psychiatric nurses before, and 74.3% needed the CLP nurse to work with them in the clinic.
RESULTS: The average age of the nurses participating in the study was 33.94±5.69, 91.2% of them were women, all of them had license degrees, 70.6% were in internal clinics, 29.4% were in surgical units,42.6% were in clinics and 31.6% were in total for 1 to 5 years working. It was determined that 65.4% of the nurses were confronted with the patients suffering from mental distress, 32.4% were confronted with the health professional suffering from mental distress, and 44.9% had difficulties while giving care to the patients suffering from mental distress. It was found that 44.9% of the nurses could define biopsychosocial care, 27.2% could define psychosocial care, and 96.3% were found psychosocial care to be important. It was determined that 4.4% of the nurses who participated in the study knew the definition of consultation liyezon psychiatric nursing, 94.9% had not worked with the consultation liyezon psychiatric nurses before, and 74.3% had needed the consultation liyezon psychiatric nurse in the clinic they were studying.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the nurses had difficulty in giving care to patients suffering from mental distress, they needed support from a professional in this field, and they needed information regarding biopsychosocial care, psychosocial care, consultation-liaison psychiatric nursing. In light of these results, it has been proposed to open and disseminate master programs for the training of consultation-liaison psychiatric nurses to meet the need.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, psikodrama grup mudahalesi sonrasýnda, hemþirelik öðrencilerinin iletiþim becerileri, ölmekte olan hastaya bakým vermeye yönelik tutumlarý, duygusal zekalarý ve kendini yansýtma düzeylerinde deðiþim olup olmadýðýný belirlemeyi amaçlamýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Akýl saðlýðý hemþireliði dersi sürecinde yürütülen çalýþmada, psikodrama müdahale grubu ve kontrol grubuna, öntest/sontest deseni uygulanmýþtýr. Çalýþma, yaklaþýk 390 lisans hemþirelik öðrencisi bulunan Fairfield Universitesi’nde (USA) gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Akýl saðlýðý hemþireliði dersini almakta olan 84 öðrenci çalýþmaya davet edilmiþtir. Bu öðrencilerden 38’i müdahale grubuna, 41’i konrtol grubuna katýlmýþtýr. Kontrol ve müdahale grubundaki tüm öðrencilerden, psikodrama uygulamasý öncesi ve sonrasý, demografik bilgi formu, süreç kaydý, Frommelt ölmekte olan hastaya bakým vermeye yonelik tutum ölçeði, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso duygusal zeka testi ve kendini yansýtma ve içgörü ölçeðini doldurmalarý istenmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Müdahale grubu ve kontrol grubunun iletiþim becerileri, ölmekte olan hastaya bakým vermeye yönelik tutumlarý ve kendini yansýtma düzeyleri arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark bulunmuþtur. Müdahale grubu ve kontrol grubunun duygusal zeka toplam ve alt ölçek puanlarý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark bulunmamýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalýþma, psikodramanýn hemþirelik öðrencilerinin iletiþim becerilerini, ölmekte olan hastaya bakým vermeye yönelik tutumlarýný ve kendini yansýtma düzeylerini geliþtirmedeki faydasýna dikkat çekmektedir. Bu gibi giriþimlerin, yaþam sonu dönemdeki hasta ve ailesine yönelik bakýmýn kalitesini geliþtirme potansiyeli bulunmaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine if nursing students’ communication skills, attitudes towards caring of the dying patients, emotional intelligence, and reflection change after a psychodrama group intervention.
METHODS: A pre/posttest design was utilized with a psychodrama intervention group and a control group during a Mental Health Nursing course. The study was set in Fairfield University (USA) with approximately 390 traditional undergraduate nursing students. A convenience sample of eighty-four nursing students was invited to participate in the study. Thirty-eight of those students participated in the intervention group and 41 participated in the control group. All participants in the control and intervention groups were asked to complete the demographic information, process recordings, Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, and Self Reflection and Insight Scale at the beginning and end of the psychodrama intervention.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in communication skills, attitudes towards the care of the dying, and self-reflection between the intervention and control groups. There was no statistical difference in total and branch emotional intelligence between the intervention group and control groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the value of psychodrama as a strategy that can enhance nursing students’ communication skills, attitudes towards dying patients, and reflection. Such an intervention has the potential to ultimately improve the quality of care for end-of-life patients and their families.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrma KOAH’lý hastalarda psikolojik dayanýklýlýk ve yaþam doyumu arasýndaki iliþkiyi belirlemek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ýliþkisel tanýmlayýcý olarak yapýlan araþtýrma Temmuz 2016–Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasýnda bir üniversite hastanesinin Göðüs Hastalýklarý servisinde yatan 144 KOAH hastasý ile yürütüldü. Araþtýrmanýn verileri, Hasta Bilgi Formu, Yetiþkinler için Psikolojik Dayanýklýlýk Ölçeði ve Yaþam Doyumu Ölçeði ile toplandý. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde; tanýmlayýcý istatistik, baðýmsýz gruplarda t testi, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, Varyans Analizi, Regresyon Analizi kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmaya katýlan hastalarýn yaþ ortalamasý 70.08±10.62 olup, çoðunluðu erkek (%77.1), evli (%80.6), çalýþmýyor (%86.8) ve ilkokul mezunudur (%59.7). Araþtýrmaya katýlan hastalarýn psikolojik dayanýklýlýk ölçeði puan ortalamalarý 116.43±19.78 olup, yaþam doyumu ölçeði puan ortalamalarý ise 18.70±6.72’dir. Hastalarýn psikolojik dayanýklýlýklarý ve yaþam doyumlarý arasýnda pozitif yönde güçlü bir iliþki saptanmýþtýr. Psikolojik dayanýklýlýk yaþam doyumunu anlamlý bir þekilde yordayýp, psikolojik dayanýklýlýða iliþkin toplam varyansýn %65’ini açýklamaktadýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrma sonucuna göre KOAH hastalarýnýn psikolojik dayanýklýlýk düzeyleri ve yaþam doyumlarýnýn yüksek olduðu belirlenmiþtir. KOAH hastalarýnýn psikolojik dayanýklýlýklarý arttýkça, yaþam doyumlarý artmaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out descriptively in order to determine the relationship between psychological resilience and life satisfaction in COPD.
METHODS: The study was conducted with 114 COPD patients who were treated in a university hospital’s respiratory services department between July 2016 and June 2017. Data were obtained with the “Personal Information Form”, “Resilience Scale for Adults” and “Life Satisfaction Inventory”. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis Variance, Mann-Whitney U Test, Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Regression were used in the evaluation of data.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 70.08±10.62, the majority (77.1%) were male, 80.6% were married, 86.8% were unemployed, 59.7% had graduated primary school. Total score of Resilience Scale for Adults was 116.43±19.78 and Life Satisfaction Inventory was 18.70±6.72. A significant positive correlation was determined between resilience and life satisfaction. Psychological endurance predicts life satisfaction significantly and accounts for 65% of the total variance associated with psychological endurance.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, the psychological endurance levels and life satisfaction of COPD patients were found to be high. When resilience of patients increased, life satisfaction was higher.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, madde kullanýmý olan ve madde kullanýmý olmayan kiþilerde erken dönem uyumsuz þemalar ile öfke düzeyleri arasýndaki iliþkinin incelenmesi amacýyla bir vaka-kontrol çalýþmasý olarak yürütülmüþtür.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu araþtýrmanýn örnekleminin vaka grubunu bir askeri hastanede Ruh Saðlýðý ve Hastalýklarý AD. Polikliniklerine baþvuran 73 hasta, kontrol grubunu ise, ayný hastane içerisinde bulunan bir askeri birlikte vatani görevini yerine getirmekte olan 75 er ve erbaþ oluþturmuþtur. Vaka grubuna Sosyodemografik Veri Toplama Formu-1; kontrol grubuna Sosyodemografik Veri Toplama Formu-2 uygulanmýþtýr. Ayný zamanda her iki gruba da Young Þema Ölçeði Kýsa Form-3 (YÞÖ-KF3), Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke Ýfade Tarzlarý Ölçeði (SÖÖTÖ) uygulanmýþtýr. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde Ki- kare analizi, Mann Whitney U testi ve korelasyon analizinden yararlanýlmýþtýr.

BULGULAR: Vaka ve kontrol grubu sosyodemografik özellikler açýsýndan karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda iki grup arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark bulunmazken (p>0.05). Aile içi iliþkiler ve aile ekonomik düzeyi açýsýndan gruplar arasý fark bulunmuþtur (p<0.05). Gruplarýn þema alanlarý incelendiðinde; Kopukluk, Zedelenmiþ Otonomi, Yüksek Standartlar, Zedelenmiþ Sýnýrlar þema alanlarý ve alt boyutlarýna ait puanlarý, vaka grubundaki kiþilerin puanlarýnýn anlamlý düzeyde daha yüksek olduðu bulunmuþtur (p<0.05). Öfke tarzlarý incelendiðinde ise; Sürekli Öfke, Öfke Ýçte ve Öfke Dýþa puanlarý, vaka grubundaki kiþilerden anlamlý düzeyde daha yüksek olduðu bulunmuþtur (p<0.05). Yapýlan korelasyon analizinde kontrol grubu ile vaka grubu arasýnda Duygusal Yoksunluk, Kendini Feda þema alt boyutu ile Öfke Ýçte puaný arasýnda pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde iliþki olduðu saptanmýþtýr. Vaka grubunda Onay Arayýcýlýk, Yüksek Standartlar, Cezalandýrýcýlýk, Diðerleri Yönelimlilik alt boyutu ile Sürekli Öfke, Öfke Ýçte ve Öfke Dýþa puanlarý ile pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde ve Öfke Kontrol puaný ile negatif yönde zayýf iliþki olduðu saptanmýþtýr.

TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrma verileri deðerlendirildiðinde madde kullaným bozukluðu olan vaka grubunun erken dönem uyumsuz þemalarýn fazlalýðý ve öfke seviyelerinde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlý düzeyde farklýlýk bulunmuþtur.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted as a case-control study to investigate the relationship between early stage maladaptive schemas and anger levels in people with and without substance-use disorders.
METHODS: The sample for the investigation included a case group of 73 patients who presented to a military hospital
mental health and diseases polyclinic and a control group of 75 current soldiers and rankers performing military service
who presented to the same hospital. Sociodemographic Data Collection Form-1 was applied to the case group and
Sociodemographic Data Collection Form-2 was applied to the control group, while the Young Schema Questionnaire
Short Form-3 (YSQ-SF3), the State-Trait Anger Scale and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory were applied to both
groups. For the evaluation of the data, the chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and correlation analysis were used.
RESULTS: In comparing the case group and control group in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, it was observed
that, with the exception of intra-family relationships and family economic status levels, for which significant differences
were seen (p<0.05), no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). When the schema domains of the case
group and control group were evaluated, Disconnection, Impaired Autonomy, High Standards, and Impaired Borders
schema domains and subscale components were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). Comparison
of the anger styles between the case group and control group showed that those in the case group had significantly
higher points in Trait Anger, Anger In and Anger Out than those of the control group (p<0.05). In the correlation
analysis performed, a positive moderate relationship was found between Emotional Deprivation and the Self Sacrifice
schema sub-scale and Anger In for the case group and control group, while a positive moderate relationship was also
found between Approval Seeking, High Standards, Punitiveness and Other-directedness and Trait Anger, Anger In and
Anger Out, but a negative weak relation with Anger Control.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the study data showed that the case group, which had substance-use disorders, had an
excess of early stage maladaptive schemas, and there was a significant level of difference between the case group and
control group in terms of anger levels.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Tanýmlayýcý tipte olan bu araþtýrma, zihinsel engelli çocuðu olan ailelerin yaþadýklarý güçlükleri ve aile yükünü belirlemek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrmanýn evrenini zihinsel engeli nedeniyle özel bir rehberlik ve araþtýrma merkezinde takip edilen 0–18 yaþlarý arasýnda olan 220 çocuðun anneleri oluþturdu. Örneklem grubunu ise araþtýrmaya katýlmayý kabul eden 160 anne oluþturdu.
BULGULAR: Çocuklarýn %36.9’unun hafif, %43.1’inin orta ve %20’sinin aðýr derecede mental retardasyonu olduðu bulundu. Annelerin %48.8’i çocuklarýnýn bakýmýna yardýmcý olacak kimseleri olmadýðýný, %38.8’i hayal kýrýklýðý, %48.1’i þaþkýnlýk, %31.3’ü þok, %52.5’i çaresizlik, %16.9’u öfke, %14.4’ü ise suçluluk hissettiðini, %13.1’i baþkalarýný suçladýðýný, %61.9’u durumu takdir-i ilahi olarak gördüðünü, %12.5’i intihar düþüncesine sahip olduðunu ve %28.1’i depresyon yaþadýðýný belirtti. Annelerin %7.5’inin “Aile Yükü Deðerlendirme Ölçeði (AYDÖ)” puaný düþük, %92.5’inin ise yüksekti.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Ailelerin çoðunun geleceðe endiþe ile baktýðý, yüklerinin katlanýlamayacak kadar aðýr olduðunu düþündükleri ve saðlýk profesyonellerinden bilgi ve destek bekledikleri belirlendi.

INTRODUCTION: This descriptive research was conducted with the aim of determining the difficulties families with intellectually disabled children face and their family burdens.
METHODS: The research population consisted of the mothers of 220 children who are aged 0-18 and monitored at a Special Guidance and Research Center due to their intellectual disabilities. The sample group was composed of 160 mothers who consented to participate in the research.
RESULTS: Of the children, 36.9% had mild, 43.1% had moderate, and 20% had severe mental retardation. Of the mothers, 48.8% reported they had no one with whom to share the care of the child. Mothers also reported that they felt disappointment (38.8%), bewilderment (48.1%), shock (31.3%), desperation (52.5%), anger (16.9%), guilt (14.4%). Of the mothers, 13.1% blamed others, 61.9% accepted the situation as an act of God, 12.5% had thoughts of committing suicide, and 28.1% suffered from depression. On the "Family Burden Assessment Scale (FBAS)," 7.5% of the mothers got low scores, and 92.5% got high scores.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This research found that most of the families felt anxious about the future, felt like their burden was too much to bear, and expected information and support from healthcare professionals.

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Þizofreni, kiþilerin günlük hayatta karþýlaþtýklarý problemlerin çözümünü güçleþtirmektedir. Bu nedenle toplum içinde yaþayan þizofreni hastalarý bu problemlerle baþ edebilmek için özel uygulamalara ihtiyaç duymaktadýr. Beebe tarafýndan geliþtirilmiþ olan Telefonla Problem Çözme Müdahalesi (TPÇM) þizofreni hastalarýnýn çeþitli günlük problemlerinin çözümünü desteklemek, onlara baþetme alternatifleri sunmak, bu alternatiflerin kullanýmýný hatýrlatmak ve bu baþetme çabalarýnýn etkinliðini deðerlendirmek için geliþtirilmiþtir. Haftalýk telefon görüþmeleri ile yürütülen TPÇM planlanmýþ davranýþ teorisine temellendirilen ve problem çözme süreci kullanýlarak yürütülen bir tele hemþirelik uygulamasýdýr. Bu konuda yapýlan deneysel çalýþmalar; TPÇM’nin þizofreni hastalarýnýn toplum içinde geçirdiði süreyi uzattýðýný, tekrarlý yatýþlarda hastanede geçirilen gün sayýsýný ve yeniden yatýþ amaçlý baþvuru sayýsýný azalttýðýný ortaya koymuþtur. Ayrýca bu uygulamanýn psikiyatrik ilaç tedavisine olan uyumu artýrdýðý ve psikiyatrik semptomlarýn þiddetini azalttýðý bulunmuþtur. TPÇM ülkemizde ilk kez bir doktora tezi kapsamýnda uygulanmýþtýr. Uygulama sonrasýnda kýlavuzda yer alan uygulama protokol maddelerinin rahatlýkla kullanýlabildiði, sadece dördüncü maddesinin üzerinde yeniden çalýþýlmasý gerektiði sonucuna ulaþýlmýþtýr. Bu bilgiler doðrultusunda bu derleme makalesinin amacý, psikiyatri hemþirelerine TPÇM’yi tanýtmak ve TPÇM’nin uygulamaya aktarýmý konusunda psikiyatri hemþirelerine rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadýr.

Schizophrenia makes it difficult for people to solve the problems they face in their daily lives. Thus, schizophrenic patients living in a community need special applications to cope with these problems. The Telephone Intervention Problem Solving (TIPS) has been developed by Beebe to serve as a solution for various daily problems of patients with schizophrenia, to offer them coping alternatives, to remind them to use these alternatives and to evaluate the effectiveness of these coping efforts. TIPS, which is conducted with weekly phone calls, is a telenursing practice based on the theory of planned behavior and conducted using problem solving process. Experimental studies conducted on this topic have shown that TIPS extends the time patients with schizophrenia spend in the community, and reduces the number of days spent and applications performed in rehospitalization process. It has also been found that this practice improves the psychiatric medication adherence and reduces the severity of psychiatric symptoms. TIPS was practiced within the context of a doctoral thesis for the first time in Turkey. After the practice, it was concluded that the practice protocol items included in the guideline can be easily used and that it is necessary to rework on only the fourth item. In light of this information, this review article aims to introduce TIPS to psychiatric nurses and to guide them to put TIPS into practice.

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Deliryum; akut baþlangýçlý ve gün içinde dalgalanmalar gösteren yaygýn bir klinik sendromdur. Hastanede yatýþ süresinin uzamasý, fonksiyonel kapasitenin azalmasý ve mortalite artýþý deliryumlu hastada görülebilen olumsuz saðlýk sonuçlarýndan bazýlarýdýr. Bu nedenle hastalarýn günde en az bir kez deliryum yönünden deðerlendirilmeleri önemlidir. Ancak tek baþýna izlem yapmak yeterli olmayýp deliryumu önlemeye ve yönetmeye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadýr. Farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler; yeniden oryantasyon, çevresel uyaranlarýn azaltýlmasý, erken mobilizasyon, sývý desteði ve uyku hijyeninin saðlanmasýný içermektedir. Deliryum yönetiminde kullanýlan farmakolojik olmayan yaklaþýmlar; hemþirelik bakýmý ile doðrudan iliþkili, uygulanmasý kolay ve maliyet etkin yöntemlerdir. Ancak bu yaklaþýmlarýn hangi yöntemleri kapsadýðý, içeriði ve etkileri hakkýnda bilgi veren çok az çalýþma bulunmaktadýr. Bu derlemede; deliryumun önlenmesi ve yönetiminde kullanýlan farmakolojik olmayan yaklaþýmlar ve hemþirenin sorumluluklarýnýn, literatürde yer alan güncel bilgiler doðrultusunda tartýþýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.

Delirium is a common clinical syndrome; characterized by rapid onset and fluctuating symptoms during the day. A decrease in functional capacity, an increase in length of stay at the hospital, and an increase in mortality are negative results seen in delirious patients. Therefore, patients should be assessed at least once a day in terms of delirium that may develop due to underlying factors. Because delirium monitoring does not contribute to improvement in delirium itself, delirium prevention and treatment methods are needed. Non-pharmacological approaches include re-orientation, reduction of environmental stimuli, early mobility, providing hydration and sleep hygiene. Frequently used nonpharmacological approaches in delirium management are easy to implement, cost effective and directly related to nursing care. However, few studies document information about which approaches are used or the content and effects of these approaches. This review aims to discuss non-pharmacological approaches used in the management of delirium and the nursing responsibilities based on recent literature.

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Bu derleme, bakým alanýnda hasta hemþire etkileþim sürecini, hemþirelik uygulama alýþkanlýklarýný ve hemþirelerin mesleki ya da bireysel benlik ve kimliklerini tartýþmayý amaçlayan araþtýrmacýlara yalnýzca bakým alanýna veya yalnýzca hemþire bireysel özelliklerine vurgu yapmayarak inceleme olanaðý saðlayan Pierre Bourdieu’nün habitus kavramýný açýklamayý amaçlamýþtýr. Hemþirelik bireyin iyilik halini, saðlýk geliþimini amaçlayan anlamlý, terapötik ve kiþilerarasý bir süreçtir. Fakat çok az çalýþma bu sürecin nasýl kurulduðunu ve þekillendiðini sistematik bir þekilde deðerlendirmiþtir. Bu etkileþim sürecini, hemþirelik uygulama alýþkanlýklarýný ve bakým alanýný anlayabilmemizde Bourdieu’nün habitus ve alan kavramlarý bize yol gösterici olabilecektir. Habitus, hemþirelerin bireysel özelliklerinin de dahil olduðu þartlar altýnda hastalarýnýn durumlarýný ve bakým gereksinimlerini nasýl anladýklarýný, yorumladýklarýný ve hastalarýna yaklaþtýklarýný etkiler. Bakým alaný ise, hemþirelerin bakým uygulamalarýnda kullandýklarý sosyal alan için bir metafordur. Sonuçta, hemþire habitusu karmaþýk ve çeþitlilik gösteren bireysel ve yapýsal etkenlerin her ikisine göre geliþtiði için hemþirelerin hizmet verme motivasyonunu ve kariyerini etkiler. Bu nedenle, hemþire hasta etkileþimini, hemþirelik uygulama alýþkanlýklarýný, hemþirelerin mesleki ya da bireysel kimliklerini bu açýdan deðerlendirmek bakýmýn kalitesini olumlu olarak etkileyebilir.

This article is intended to explain the Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus to researchers concerned with patient-nurse interactions, nursing practices and nurses’ professional and individual selves and identities. It emphasizes both the field of care work and nurses’ personal characteristics. Nursing is a therapeutic interpersonal process that is intended to promote individuals’ wellbeing and health. However, very few studies have evaluated how it developed in a systematic way. Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus can lead the way for nurses who would like to understand patient-nurse interactions, nursing practices and the field of care work. Habitus affects how nurses approach their patients, how they understand and interpret patient conditions and their needs. Therefore, habitus affects how nurses understand and interpret the status and care needs of patients under the circumstances including their individual characteristics. The field of care work is also a metaphor for a social site where nurses engage in care-related activities. Ultimately, nursing habitus is developed by both individual and structural factors that are complex and diverse. It affects nurses’ careers and motivation to provide services. Assessing patient-nurse interactions, nursing practices and nurses’ professional and individual self and identities in this way can affect the quality of care positively.

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Þizofreni hastalarýnda iþlevsellikte bozulma olup, hem sosyal izolasyon, isteksizlik gibi semptomlar hem de ilaç yan etkileri yaþam kalitesini etkilemekte, bu nedenle hastalarýn tedavi ve rehabilitasyon sürecine, aktivite programlarýna katýlýmý büyük önem taþýmaktadýr. Bu olgu sunumunda toplum ruh saðlýðý merkezinde aktivite programýna isteksiz bir þizofreni hastasýnýn sorun ve gereksinimleri analiz edilmiþ, aile iþbirliði saðlanmýþ, bireye özgü planlanmýþ rehabilitasyon programý kapsamýnda aðýrlýklý olarak davranýþçý teknikler uygulanmýþtýr. 6 aylýk süreç deðerlendirildiðinde hastanýn iþlevselliði ve yaþam kalitesi artmýþ, semptomlarý azalmýþ, aktivitelere katýlýmý saðlanmýþtýr. Sonuç olarak, kronik ruhsal hastalýklarda rehabilitasyon programlarýnýn bireye özgü planlanmasý, davranýþçý yöntemlere yer verilmesi yarar saðlamaktadýr. Uzmanlaþmýþ psikiyatri hemþireleri rehabilitasyon programlarýnda ve danýþmanlýkta daha etkin rol alabilmelidir.

Impaired functioning in schizophrenic patients and symptoms like social isolation and unwillingness to interact with others and drug side effects affect their quality of life. Therefore, the participation of schizophrenic patients in rehabilitation processes and activity programs is very important. In this case report, the problems and needs of a patient who was reluctant to join the activity program in the community mental health center were analyzed, and within the context of a family-specific, individually planned rehabilitation program, behavioral techniques were predominantly applied. When the 6-month period was evaluated, the patient's functioning and quality of life level had increased, his symptoms had decreased, and he had a greater level of participation in activities. From this case report, it can be concluded that it is beneficial to implement individual rehabilitation programs for chronic mental illness patients and to apply behavioral therapy methods. Moreover, specialist psychiatric nurses should take a more active role in rehabilitation and counselling programs.

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