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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, bir Toplum Ruh Saðlýðý Merkezi (TRSM)’nde uygulanan rehabilitasyon programlarýna katýlan ve katýlmayan þizofreni hastalarýnýn bazý sosyodemografik ve hastalýkla iliþkili özellikleri ile tedaviye uyumlarý ve öz yeterliliklerini tanýmlamaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Karþýlaþtýrmalý-tanýmlayýcý nitelikte planlanan bu çalýþma Ocak-Mart 2016 tarihleri arasýnda Amasya’da bulunan Toplum Ruh Saðlýðý Merkezi’nde yapýldý. Araþtýrmanýn örneklemini, þizofreni tanýsý ile takip edilen, rehabilitasyon programlarýna düzenli olarak katýlan 32 ve rehabilitasyon programlarýna katýlmayan 32 olmak üzere toplam 64 hasta oluþturdu. Her iki grubun özellikleri de yaþ, cinsiyet, hastalýðýn baþlama yaþý ve hastalýðýn süresi bakýmýndan benzerdi. Kiþisel bilgi formu, Morisky Uyum Ölçeði ve Öz Etkililik-Yeterlilik Ölçeði kullanýlarak elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 paket programý kullanýlarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Rehabilitasyon programlarýna katýlan hastalarýn %71.9’u 6 aydan uzun süredir programlara katýlmaktadýr. Programlara katýlan hastalarýn %50’si, katýlmayan hastalarýn %25’i tedaviye uyumludur. Gruplar arasýnda ilaç uyum düzeyleri açýsýndan anlamlý bir fark olmamakla birlikte rehabilitasyon programlarýna katýlan þizofreni hastalarýnýn ilaç uyumlarýnýn daha yüksek olduðu belirlendi. Kadýn hastalarýn erkek hastalara göre, bekar olanlarýn da evli olanlara göre tedaviye daha uyumlu olduklarý saptandý. Programlara katýlan hasta grubunun öz yeterlilik ölçek puan ortalamasý 61.28±12.09, katýlmayan grubunun ise 62.82±11.16 olarak bulundu. Ýki grup arasýnda öz yeterlilik ölçek puanlarý açýsýndan anlamlý bir fark bulunmadý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrmada rehabilitasyon programýna katýlan þizofreni hastalarýnýn tedaviye uyumlarý, rehabilitasyon programlarýna katýlmayanlara göre daha yüksek bulundu. Bu baðlamda hastalarýn rehabilitasyon programlarýna katýlmasý için desteklenmesi önerilmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to identify the schizophrenia patients attending the rehabilitation programs conducted in community mental health centers, in terms of demographic variables, characteristics related to the ailment, adaptation to the treatment and self-efficacies.
METHODS: The present study, which was planned as a comparative-descriptive study, was conducted at the Community Mental Health Center in Amasya from January through March 2016. The group of this study was comprised of 64 patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia, half of whom would regularly participate in the rehabilitation program. The characteristics of both groups of schizophrenia patients were similar in terms of age, gender, age at the onset of the disease and duration of disease. Data obtained by personal information form, Morisky Adherence Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale, was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software package.
RESULTS: 71.9% of patients having attended the rehabilitation programs had been participating in the programs for longer than 6 months. 50% of the patients who had attended the programs and 25% of the patients who had not attended any program were consistent with the treatment. Although there were no significant differences between groups in terms of the level of medication adherence, schizophrenia patients participating in the rehabilitation program displayed higher levels of medication adherence. Female and single patients were more adaptable than male and married patients to treatment, respectively. The scale of self-efficacy mean score was found as 61.28±12.09 for the group having attended the programs, and 62.82±11.16 for those not having attended. There was no significant difference in self-efficacy scores between the two groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, schizophrenia patients having attended rehabilitation programs display a higher adaptation to treatment than those not having attended. In this regard, it was recommended that patients should be encouraged to participate to rehabilitation programs.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrma þizofreni hastalarýnda aile ortamý, içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma ve yaþam kalitesini belirlemek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Tanýmlayýcý türde olan araþtýrma Erzincan Devlet Hastanesi Psikiyatri Polikliniði’nde DSM-IV-TR (Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliði, 2000) ölçütlerine göre þizofreni tanýsý alan, klinik remisyonda olup ayaktan izlenen 51 hasta ve 51 hasta yakýný ile Aralýk 2011-Þubat 2012 tarihleri arasýnda yürütülmüþtür. Araþtýrmanýn verileri tanýmlayýcý soru formu, Aile Ortamý Ölçeði, Ruhsal Hastalýklarda Ýçselleþtirilmiþ Damgalanma Ölçeði ve Dünya Saðlýk Örgütü Yaþam Kalitesi Ölçeði-Kýsa Formu Türkçe Versiyonu kullanýlarak toplanmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmada hastalar (43.94±8.20, 27.10±5.59) ve hasta yakýnlarýnýn (46.29±6.72, 26.57±4.30) aile ortamýnda kiþilerarasý iliþkiler ve kontrol puan ortalamalarý arasýnda önemli bir fark olmadýðý belirlenmiþtir (p>0.05). Hastalarýn Ruhsal Hastalýklarda Ýçselleþtirilmiþ Damgalanma Ölçeði toplam (76.12±17.15) ve alt ölçekler puan ortalamasý Yabancýlaþma (15.63±4.41), Kalýp Yargýlarýn Onaylanmasý (18.24±4.20), Algýlanan Ayrýmcýlýk (13.67±4.09), Damgalanmaya Karþý Direnç (12.35±3.36) ve Sosyal Geri Çekilme (16.24±5.21); Dünya Saðlýk Örgütü Yaþam Kalitesi Ölçeði-Kýsa Formu alanlarý puan ortalamasý ise bedensel (12.00±2.75), ruhsal (11.11±3.02), sosyal (9.15±3.72) ve çevresel (11.56±2.61) olarak bulunmuþtur.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu araþtýrmada hastalar ve hasta yakýnlarýnýn aile ortamýnda kiþilerarasý iliþkiler ve kontrol algýlarý arasýnda bir fark olmadýðý, hastalarýn orta düzeyin üzerinde içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma algýladýðý, yaþam kalitesi deðerlendirmelerinin orta düzeyde olduðu; içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma algý düzeyi arttýkça yaþam kalitesi alanlarýnýn önemli düzeyde azaldýðý, kiþilerarasý iliþkiler ve kontrol algýlarýnýn ise pozitif yönde önemli düzeyde arttýðý belirlenmiþtir. Psikiyatri hemþirelerinin aile ortamý, içselleþtirilmiþ damgalanma gibi hastalarýn depreþme ve iyileþtirimini etkileyen faktörleri deðerlendirip, karar verme becerisini ve benlik saygýsýný artýrarak hastalarýn yaþam kalitesinin iyileþmesine önemli katký saðlayan programlarý geliþtirip uygulamasý önemlidir.

INTRODUCTION: This descriptive study was performed to determine the family environment, internalized stigma and the quality of life of schizophrenia patients.
METHODS: This study was performed between December 2011 and February 2012 with 51 outpatients and 51 patient relatives who were diagnosed with schizophrenia under DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and who were being monitored in clinical remission at the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Erzincan State Hospital. The study data were collected using a descriptive questionnaire, the Family Environment Scale (FES), the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale and the Abbreviated Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire.
RESULTS: This study found no significant difference between the mean scores of the patients and their relatives’ interpersonal relationships (43.94±8.20, 27.10±5.59) and control (46.29±6.72, 26.57±4.30) in the family environment (p>0.05). The patients’ mean score on the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale was 76.12±17.15. On its subscales, they were: alienation (15.63±4.41), stereotype endorsement (18.24±4.20), perceived discrimination (13.67±4.09), stigma resistance (12.35±3.6) and social withdrawal (16.24±5.21). and the patients’ perceptions of quality of life were: physical (12.00±2.75), mental (11.11±3.02), social (9.15±3.72), and environmental (11.56±2.61).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study found no difference between the patients and their relatives’ perceptions of interpersonal relationships and control. The patients perceived internalized stigma above the moderate level. Their quality of life evaluations were at a moderate level. As their perceived internalized stigma level went up, their quality of life areas significantly decreased, and their perception of interpersonal relationships and control in the family environment increased significantly in the positive direction. It is important that psychiatric nurses assess the factors that affect patients’ relapses and treatment such as family environment and internalized stigma. They should also develop and implement programs.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Amaç: Bu çalýþma kronik obstrüktif akciðer (KOAH) hastalarýnýn dispne düzeyi ve dispne algýsý ile anksiyete ve depresyon belirti düzeyleri arasýndaki iliþkiyi belirlemek amacýyla tanýmlayýcý olarak yapýlmýþtýr.





YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþma kapsamýnda araþtýrmanýn verileri “Hasta Tanýtým Formu”, “Medikal Research Council Scale (MRCS)” ve “Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeði (HAD)” kullanýlarak yüz yüze görüþme yöntemiyle toplanmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Bulgular: Araþtýrmaya 8 kadýn, 82 erkekten oluþan toplam 90 kronik obstrüktif akciðer hastalýðý olan birey alýndý. KOAH hastalarýnýn HAD-A puan ortalamasý 7.42 ± 4,43 (min: 0-max: 20), HAD-D puan ortalamasý 8.85 ± 4.23 (min: 3-max: 18) olarak saptanmýþtýr. Logistic Regresyon analizi sonuçlarýna göre anksiyete belirti riski; çok þiddetli dispnesi olduðunu belirtenlerde 22.754 kat, psikiyatrik hastalýk öyküsü olanlarda 4.304 kat, depresyon belirtileri mevcut olanlarda 17.528 kat, depresyon belirti riski ise; þiddetli dispnesi olanlarda hafif dispnesi olanlara göre 5.957 kat, bir yýlda üç ve daha fazla hastaneye yatanlarda hiç yatmayanlara göre 22.181 kat, sosyal desteði olmayanlarýn olanlara göre 28.712 kat, anksiyete belirtileri mevcut olanlarda olmayanlara göre 23.294 kat daha fazla olduðu belirlendi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuç: Sonuç olarak dispne algýsý yüksek olan bireyler hem anksiyete hem de depresyon açýsýndan yüksek risk taþýmaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: This study was performed with a descriptive design to determine the relationship between level and perception of dyspnea and levels of anxiety and depression.
METHODS: The research data were collectedusing the Medical Research Council Scale and HAD via face- to-face interviews.
RESULTS: The study consisted of a total of 90 individuals,which included 8 women and 82 men, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was determined that the average anxiety score was 7.42±4.43 (min: 0–max: 20) and that the average depression score was 8.85±4.23 (min: 3-max: 18). According to the logistic regression analysis results,among the participants, those who indicated they had severe dyspnea or a background of psychiatric illness or showed depression symptomshad a 22.75 times, 4.304 times and 17.528 times higher risk, respectively, for anxiety symptoms. There was a greater risk of depression (5.957 times) in the participants who were suffering from severe dyspnea than in the patients with mild dyspnea, and a 22.181 times greater risk of depression in the participants who had been admitted to a hospital three or more times and a 12.352 times greater risk in patients who had been admitted one or two times a year than in the participants who had never been admitted to a hospital. Finally, there was a 28.712 times greater risk of depression in patients who did not have social support versus those that had, andthere was a 23.294 times greater risk of depressive symptoms in patients who presented symptoms of anxiety than in patients who did not.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Individuals with a high perception of dyspnea had a high risk of both depression and anxiety.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma üniversite öðrencilerinin intihar eden kiþilere yönelik damgalama tutumlarý ve intihara iliþkin bilgi düzeyleri ile iliþkili faktörlerin incelenmesi amacýyla tanýmlayýcý bir araþtýrma olarak planlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma üniversite öðrenciler ile (n=1100). Öðrencilerin Ýntihara Yönelik Damgalama tutumlarý Ýntihara Yönelik Damgalama Ölçeði (ÝYDÖ) ve intihara iliþkin bilgi düzeyleri Ýntihara Ýliþkin Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeði (ÝBDÖ) kullanýlarak deðerlendirilmiþtir. Öðrencilere yaþ, cinsiyet, medeni durum gibi tanýmlayýcý bilgilerin yanýnda psikiyatrist/psikolog desteði öyküsü ve intihar düþüncesi/intihar giriþimi öyküsünü içeren sorularýn yer aldýðý Öðrenci Bilgi Formu uygulanmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Daha önce bir psikiyatriste baþvuran ve psikiyatrik bir taný aldýðýný bildiren öðrencilerin ÝBDÖ toplam puan ortalamalarý baþvurmayan öðrencilere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlý düzeyde daha yüksek saptanmýþtýr (p=0.001). Daha önce intihar etmeyi düþünen/giriþimde bulunduðunu bildiren öðrencilerin ÝBDÖ toplam puan ortalamalarý intihar etmeyi düþünmeyen/giriþimde bulunmadýðýný bildiren öðrencilerin puan ortalamalarýna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlý düzeyde daha yüksek saptanmýþtýr (p=0.001). Daha önce intihar etmeyi düþünen/giriþimde bulunan öðrencilerin Yüceleþtirme/Normalleþtirme alt boyutu puan ortalamalarý intihar giriþiminde bulunmayan öðrencilere göre daha yüksek (p=0.001), Damgalama alt boyutu puan ortalamalarý istatistiksel olarak anlamlý düzeyde daha düþük bulunmuþtur (p=0.001). Öðrencilerin ÝYDÖ Damgalama alt boyutu puan ortalamalarý ile ÝBDÖ toplam ölçek puan ortalamalarý arasýnda negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlý iliþki saptanmýþtýr (r=-0.101; p=0.001).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Önemli bir halk saðlýðý sorunu olan intihar giriþiminin önlenmesi amacýyla üniversite öðrencilerinin intihar konusundaki bilgilerini arttýrmaya ve intihara yönelik damgalayýcý tutumlarýný azaltmaya yönelik mesajlar içeren psikoeðitim çalýþmalarýnýn gerçekleþtirilmesine gereksinim vardýr. Ýntiharýn uyarý sinyalleri konusunda toplum ruh saðlýðý hemþireleri/uzman psikiyatri hemþireleri veya okullarda görevli psikologlar tarafýndan farkýndalýk eðitimlerinin düzenlenmesinin intiharýn önlenmesi adýna yararlý olabileceði düþünülmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: This study was planned as a descriptive research with the aim to analyze university students’ level of knowledge and stigmatizing attitudes toward people who have committed suicide.
METHODS: Research was conducted among university students (n=1100). Students’ stigmatizing attitudes toward suicides and level of knowledge about suicide were assessed using the Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) and Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS). The Student Information Form was used to collect information about students’ age, gender, and marital status, a history of previous psychiatric support or psychological consultation services, and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.
RESULTS: Students who had previously had a psychiatric consultation or received a psychiatric diagnosis obtained a higher average of statistically significant LOSS scores compared to students who had not received psychiatric support (p=0.001). Students who had had suicidal ideation or suicide attempts in the past had a higher average of statistically significant LOSS scores compared to students who had not thought about or attempted suicide (p=0.001). Students who reported a history of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts had higher statistically significant average scores on the Glorification/Normalization subscale compared to students who had not reported a history of thoughts about or attempted suicide (p=0.001), and their Stigma subscale score average was lower (p=0.001). Students’ LOSS scores had a negative statistically significant relationship with SOSS’ Stigma subscale averages (r=-0.101; p=0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Prevention of suicide attempts is an important public health problem; psychoeducational activities for university students need to be developed that include messages aimed both at increasing knowledge of suicide and reducing students’ stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide. Developing trainings for increasing awareness about the warning signs of suicide by community mental health nurses, specialist psychiatric nurses, or school psychologists is effective for suicide prevention.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrma, lise son sýnýf öðrencilerinin sýnav kaygý düzeyleri ile uyku kalitesi arasýndaki iliþkiyi belirlemek amacýyla tanýmlayýcý, kesitsel ve iliþki arayýcý araþtýrma tipinde gerçekleþtirildi.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrma verileri, Ýstanbul’da bir lise de 1–31 Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasýnda toplandý. Araþtýrmanýn evrenini Ýstanbul il sýnýrlarý içerisinde bulunan bir lisenin son sýnýfýnda öðrenim gören 120 öðrenci oluþturdu. Araþtýrmada örneklem hesabý yapýlmamýþ, araþtýrmaya katýlmayý kabul eden tüm öðrenciler örnekleme dahil edilmiþtir (n=104). Geri dönüþ oraný %86.6’dýr. Veriler, Bilgi Formu, Sýnav Kaygýsý Envanteri ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Ýndeksi ile toplandý. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesi SPSS paket programýnda yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Öðrencilerinin %55.8’i kýz, yaþ ortalamasý 17.27 idi. Öðrencilerin %77.9’u üniversite sýnavýnýn çok önemli olduðunu, %74.8’inin üniversite sýnavýna hazýrlanmaya baþlamadan önce uyku problemi yaþamadýklarýný ifade ettiler. Öðrencilerin öznel uyku kalitesi ile Sýnav Kaygýsý Envanterinin Kuruntu alt boyutu arasýnda pozitif yönde zayýf iliþki (r=0.258; p<0.01); Duyuþsal alt boyutu arasýnda pozitif yönde zayýf iliþki (r=0.259; p<0.01); Sýnav kaygýsý toplam puaný arasýnda pozitif yönde zayýf iliþki (r=0.272; p<0.01) bulundu. Uyku bozukluðu ile kuruntu alt boyutu arasýnda pozitif yönde zayýf iliþki (r=0.210; p<0.05); duyuþsal alt boyut arasýnda pozitif yönde zayýf iliþki (r=0.291; p<0.01); sýnav kaygýsý toplam puaný arasýnda pozitif yönde zayýf iliþki (r=0.273; p<0.01) bulundu. Öðrencilerin hem kuruntu boyutu (p>0.05) hem de duyuþsal boyutu (p>0.05) düzeyi öznel uyku kalitesini etkilememektedir. Öðrencilerin kuruntu düzeyi uyku bozukluðu düzeyini etkilemez iken (p=0.701 >0.05), duyuþsal düzeyi uyku bozukluðu düzeyini arttýrmaktadýr (ß=0.028).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrma verileri, lise son sýnýf öðrencilerinin sýnav kaygýlarýnýn olduðunu ve bu durumun da uyku kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediðini göstermiþtir. Bu nedenle, öðrencilerin sýnav kaygýlarýnýn azaltýlmasý, uyku kalitesinin arttýrýlmasý ve olumsuz düþüncelerin kaldýrýlmasý için rehberlik-danýþmanlýk hizmetleri verilmesi önerilebilir.

INTRODUCTION: This study used a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational research design to determine the relationship between exam anxiety levels and sleep quality of senior high school students.
METHODS: Research data were collected in a high school in Istanbul, Turkey between January 1–31, 2017. 104 high school students volunteered to participate in the research for a sample size (n=104). The rate of return is 86.6%. Data were collected using the Information Form, the Exam Anxiety Inventory and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SPSS statistical software program was used to evaluate the data.
RESULTS: 55.8% of the students were female and their mean age was 17.27 years. 77.9% of the students stated that the university entrance exam was very important, and 74.8% stated that they did not have a sleep problem before they started to prepare for the university entrance exam. There was a weak positive relationship between the subjective sleep quality of students and the Delusion sub-dimension of the Exam Anxiety Inventory (r=0.258; p<0.01), a weak positive relationship between Affectivity sub-dimension (r=0.259; p<0.01) and a weak positive relationship between the total score of exam anxiety (r=0.272; p<0.01). There was a weak positive relationship between sleep disorder and the Delusion sub-dimension (r=0.210; p<0.05), a weak positive relationship between Affectivity sub-dimension (r=0.291; p<0.01) and a weak positive relationship between the total score of exam anxiety (r=0.273; p<0.01). The levels of both the Delusional dimension (p>0.05) and the Affectivity dimension (p>0.05) of the students did not affect subjective sleep quality. While the students' Delusion level did not affect the level of sleep disorder (p=0.701 >0.05), their Affectivity level increased the level of sleep disorder (ß=0.028).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Research data illustrated that senior high school students had exam anxieties which negatively affected their sleep quality.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý saðlýk hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öðrencilerinin mizah tarzlarýnýn ve mental saðlýk durumlarýnýn deðerlendirilmesidir
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu tanýmlayýcý çalýþma 2013 yýlýnda Türkiye’de yapýlmýþtýr. Toplamda 354 saðlýk meslek yüksekokulu öðrencisi çalýþmaya katýlmayý kabul etmiþtir. Veriler öðrenciler için tanýmlayýcý bir form, mizah tarzlarý soru formu (ölçeði) ve genel saðlýk soru formu (ölçeði) (GHQ 12) ile toplanmýþtýr. Veriler SPPS 17.0 ile analiz edilmiþtir. Tanýmlayýcý ve pearson testler analizde kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Öðrencilerin yaþ ortalamasý 21.01± 2.26 olup, çoðu kadýn (%64.5), çoðu orta sosyo-ekonomik duruma sahip (%61.9) ve % 63.8’I sigara içmemektedir. Öðrencilerin mizah alt ölçek puan ortalamalarý; katýlýmcý mizah 39.63± 8.18, kendini geliþtirici mizah 33.64 ±9,44, agresif mizah 23.29 ± 7.67 ve yýkýcý mizah 26.51 ±7. 87’dýr. Öðrencilerin çoðunluðunun GHQ puan ortalamasý orta riskte olup (%20.6), % 27.1’inde yüksek riske sahip bulunmuþtur. Öðrencilerin kendini geliþtirici mizah ile genel saðlýk riski arasýnda düþük negatif anlamlý iliþki vardýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmanýn sonuçlarýna göre, öðrencilerin pozitif mizaha sahip olduklarý ve yaklaþýk yarýsýnda psikiyatrik bozukluklar için düþük risk bulunmuþtur

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to determine the humor styles and general mental health of health services students in a vocational school in Turkey.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Turkey in 2013. A total of 354 of health services students from vocational schools agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected from students using a descriptive form, a humor styles questionnaire and a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12). Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Descriptive and Pearson tests were used to analyze the study data.
RESULTS: Students’ mean ages was 21.01±2.26, most participants were women (64.5%), of a moderate socio-economic status (61.9%) and non-smokers (63.8%). The students mean scores for the humor sub-scales are as follows: Affiliative humor 39.63±8.18, self-enhancing humor 33.64±9,44, aggressive humor 23.29±7.67 and self-defecting humor 26.51±7.87. Most of the students’ GHQ scores suggested that participants were at risk of having a mental health disorder (20.6%), while 27.1%were found to be at high risk of having a mental health disorder. A low negative significant correlation between the students self-enhancing humor and general health risk was found.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study found that students have positive humor styles. Nearly half of the student partisans were found to be at a low risk regarding the development of psychiatric disorders.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Yöneticilerin kiþiliði, onun nasýl düþündüðünü, gerçeði nasýl algýladýðýný, diðerleriyle nasýl bir iliþki içinde bulunduðunu gösterirken karar alma ve sorun çözme biçimini de etkilemektedir. Hemþirelik mesleðinde liderlik özellikleri ve yönetici özellikleri üzerine birçok çalýþma bulunmasýna raðmen kiþilik özellikleri ile ilgili yeterli verinin olmamasý nedeniyle; bu araþtýrma, yönetici hemþirelerin kiþilik özelliklerini ve bunlarý etkileyen kiþisel ve mesleki özellikleri belirlemek amacýyla tanýmlayýcý tipte gerçekleþtirilmiþtir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrmanýn evrenini, Marmara Bölgesindeki illerde bulunan kamu hastaneler birliðine baðlý hastaneler, üniversitelere baðlý araþtýrma ve uygulama hastaneleri ve özel hastanelerde çalýþan yönetici pozisyonlarýndaki hemþireler oluþturmuþtur. Araþtýrmanýn örneklemini ise (özel dal hastaneleri çalýþma dýþýnda tutularak) çalýþmanýn yapýlmasýna izin veren hastanelerde görevli yönetici hemþireler oluþturmuþtur. Araþtýrma verileri, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Klinik Araþtýrmalar Etik Kurul Baþkanlýðýndan etik kurul onayý (Onay tarihi; 07.01.2015, karar no; 2015-01) ve araþtýrma kapsamýna alýnan hastanelerin kurum yönetimlerinden yazýlý resmi izinler alýndýktan sonra toplanmýþtýr. Çalýþmanýn verileri “Beþ Faktör Kiþilik Envanteri” kullanýlarak toplanmýþtýr. Çalýþma verilerinin analizinde tanýmlayýcý istatistiksel metotlardan ortalama (ort.), standart sapma (SS); gruplar arasý karþýlaþtýrmalarda tek yönlü varyans analizi; ikili gruplarýn karþýlaþtýrýlmasý baðýmsýz gruplarda t testi kullanýlmýþtýr. Sonuçlar, anlamlýlýk p<0.05 düzeyinde deðerlendirilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Dokuz yüz yönetici hemþirenin katýldýðý çalýþmada yönetici hemþireler en yüksek puan ortalamasýný özdenetim/sorumluluk faktöründen almýþlardýr (Ort.±SS=4.22±0.35). Bu boyutu sýrasýyla yumuþak baþlýlýk faktörü (Ort.±SS=4.06±0.40), geliþime açýklýk faktörü (Ort.±SS=4.05±0.37), dýþadönüklük faktörü (Ort.±SS=3.50±0.43), duygusal tutarsýzlýk faktörü (Ort.±SS=2.07±0.53) puan ortalamalarý izlemiþtir. Yaþ, cinsiyet, medeni hal, eðitim düzeyi, çalýþýlan kurum, mesleki deneyim, kurumsal deneyim, yöneticilik deneyimi, yönetici pozisyonu, çalýþýlan birim ve yöneticilik eðitimi alma durumunu ifade eden baðýmsýz deðiþkenler beþ faktör kiþilik envanteri ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý farklar bulunmuþtur (p<0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuç olarak, yönetici hemþireler kendilerini özdenetimi yüksek kiþilik özelliðine sahip olarak tanýmlamýþlardýr. Beþ faktör kiþilik envanteri faktör puan ortalamalarý kiþisel ve mesleki özelliklerle karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý farklar bulunmuþtur (p<0.05).

INTRODUCTION: Managers’ personalities indicate how they think, perceive reality, and relate to others; these qualities affect their decision making and problem-solving methods. Although there are many studies of leadership and managerial characteristics in the nursing profession, there is a lack of adequate data about personality characteristics. This descriptive study aims to determine the personal characteristics of nurse managers and the personal and professional factors that affect them.
METHODS: The study population consisted of nurses working in administrative positions at hospitals affiliated with the public hospitals union, in research, and in practice hospitals affiliated with universities and private hospitals in cities in the Marmara Region. The final study sample consisted of nurse managers working in the hospitals that gave permission to conduct the study (excluding the private branch hospitals). The data were collected after obtaining the approval of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (Approval date: 1.7.2015, Decision No: 2015-01) and written official permission from the administrations of the hospitals included in the study. The data were collected using the Five Factor Personality Inventory. The data analysis was carried out using means and standard deviations (SD) as descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance for inter-group comparisons, and the independent samples t-test for paired group comparisons. A significance threshold of p<0.05 was used to evaluate the findings.
RESULTS: The study included 900 nurse managers; they obtained the highest mean score on the conscientiousness dimension (Mean±SD=4.22±0.35). This dimension was followed by their mean scores on the agreeableness (Mean±SD=4.06±0.40), intelligence (Mean±SD=4.05±0.37), extroversion (Mean±SD=3.50±0.43), and emotional instability (Mean±SD=2.07±0.53) dimensions. Statistically significant differences were found between the independent variables of age, gender, marital status, education level, work institution, professional experience, institutional experience, managerial experience, administrative position, work unit, and managerial education when compared using the five-factor personality inventory (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The nurse managers described themselves as being highly conscientious. Statistically significant differences were found between the five-factor personality inventory mean scores and personal and professional characteristics.

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Hemþirelik mesleðinin en temel özelliklerinden biri olarak bilinen ‘merhamet’, baþkalarýnýn acýsýný hafifletmek için harekete geçmede bir motivasyon olarak görülürken, merhamet yorgunluðu ise, travmatik olay yaþayan ya da aðrý, acý çeken bireylere yardým etmenin olumsuz etkisi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Ancak son yýllarda hemþirelik literatüründe yer almaya baþlayan merhamet yorgunluðu kavramý ile ilgili farklý tanýmlarýn yer aldýðý ve merhamet yorgunluðunun geliþim sürecinin farklý modellerle açýklandýðý görülmektedir. Hemþire araþtýrmacýlar tarafýndan ilgi gösterilen bir konu olan merhamet yorgunluðu ile ilgili henüz net bir bilginin olmamasý literatürde kavram karmaþasýna yol açmaktadýr. Bu derlemede, merhamet, merhamet yorgunluðu, merhamet yorgunluðu ile iliþkili kavramlar, merhamet yorgunluðunun geliþimi literatür ýþýðýnda tartýþýlmýþtýr.

‘Compassion,’ known as a fundamental feature of the nursing profession, and considered a motivation to act to alleviate the suffering of others. Compassion fatigue is expressed as an adverse effect of helping individuals suffering from traumatic events or otherwise. However, compassion fatigue is defined differently in in recent nursing studies, and the developmental process of compassion fatigue has been explained with the help of different models. Since compassion fatigue, a subject of interest for nurse researchers, lacks a clear understanding, it leads to a conceptual complexity in previous studies. In this review, compassion, compassion fatigue, concepts related to compassion fatigue, and the development of compassion fatigue are discussed in the light of previous studies.

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Duygusal yeme; açlýk hissi nedeniyle veya öðün zamaný geldiði için ya da sosyal gereklilik olduðu için deðil sadece duygulanýma cevaben ortaya çýktýðý varsayýlan yeme davranýþý olarak tanýmlanmaktadýr. Hormonlar, nörotransmitterler vb. nöropsikolojik etkenlerle beraber homeostazý saðlayan pek çok metabolik yolak ve hedonik sistemlerle yeme davranýþý regüle edilebilmektedir. Belirli bir besine ya da maddeye karþý baðýmlýlýðý ve/veya eðilimi olan kiþilerde karakteristik olarak dopamin (DA) yetersizliði olabileceði görüþü mevcuttur. Duygusal ve kontrolsüz yeme davranýþlarý bireylerin tekrarlayan vücut aðýrlýðý kazanýmý için önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Duygularýn yemek yeme iþlevi, besin seçimi, besinin tüketim miktarý üzerinde etkili ve önemli bir faktör olduðu bilinmesine raðmen beslenme davranýþýný hangi yönde etkilediði konusunda net bir iliþki ortaya koyulamamýþtýr. Bu nedenle; bu derleme çalýþmasýnda duygusal yeme ile iliþkili çeþitli kuramlardan, duygularýn besin alýmýna etkisinden ve besin alýmýný etkileyen diðer faktörlerden (örn. hastalýklar, doðal afet, menstruasyon..vb), duygusal yeme davranýþýný saptamaya yönelik geliþtirilen ölçeklerden ve yeme bozukluðu tedavisinde hemþirelerin temel sorumluluklarýndan söz edilmiþtir.

Emotional eating is defined as an eating behavior that is hypothesized to occur as a response to emotions, not because of a feeling of hunger, closeness to meal time, or social necessity. Eating behavior can be regulated using metabolic methods that cause homeostasis, neuropsychological agents such as hormones and neurotransmitters, and hedonic systems. There is an opinion among scholars that the people who have an addiction and/or tendency to overeat specific nutrients or substances may have a shortage of dopamine (DA). Emotional and uncontrolled eating behavior is an important risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Although, emotions are known to be an influential factor on eating functions, food selection, and amount of food consumption, a clear relationship about what affects eating behavior has to date not been proven. Therefore, in this study, emotional factors that affect emotional eating and food intake, other factors affecting nutrient intake (i.e., diseases, natural disasters, menstruation), various theories related to emotional eating, the scales which developed to detect emotional eating behavior, and the basic responsibilities of nurses in the treatment of eating disorders are discussed.

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