1. | Frontmatter Pages I - III |
EDITORIAL | |
2. | Editorial Perihan Güner Page IV |
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | |
3. | Metaphors of nursing students on the perception of mental illness: A qualitative study Yasemin Çekiç, Rüveyda Yüksel doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.79803 Pages 85 - 92 INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the metaphors nursing students use for the concept of "Mental Illness" to identify their perceptions on this subject. METHODS: The research was carried using a phenomenological design, a qualitative research technique. The study group of the research included a total of 496 nursing students studying at Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department in the 2017-2018 academic year. A form titled, "Metaphorical Perceptions Data Collection Form", which was prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, was used for data collection. On this form, every participating student was asked to fill in the gaps in the following sentence: "Mental illness is like..................... because..................... ". Analysis of data consisted of 5 steps: S1) identification of metaphors, (2) classification of metaphors, (3) category development, (4) validation and reliability and (5) data transfer to SPSS package program for quantitative data analysis. RESULTS: The students produced a total of 353 valid metaphors for the concept of mental illness. The metaphors obtained were examined in terms of their common characteristics and collected under seven conceptual categories, namely, mental illness as “desperation”, “an uncontrollable condition”, “a need for care, attention, and support”, “uncertainty”, “a damaging element”, “an impact-response”, and “an element requiring effort”. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the students' mental illness-related metaphors were largely negative. In the light of these results, it can be recommended that vocational education focuses on transforming the negative perceptions students have on mental illness into more positive images. To achieve this, it is suggested that the number of course hours on this subject be increased and that practical activities related to this subject be organized. |
4. | The opinions and practices of health professionals in community mental health centers on risk assessment Fatma Ayhan, Besti Üstün doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.08769 Pages 93 - 102 INTRODUCTION: It is the determination of the opinions, practices and recommendations of health professionals in Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) regarding the risk assessment. METHODS: The descriptive design of qualitative research tradition is applied. The research sample comprises 14 health professionals from three different CMHCs. Research data were collected through a semi-structured interview form prepared by the authors. The qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. RESULTS: It has been revealed that healthcare professionals have awareness of risk assessment and regularly assess the risks of suicide, exacerbation, self-harm and harm to others. Patient and the family are not actively included in the risk assessment process. Various problems stemming from the clients, their families, health personnel and system, and risk assessment forms are experienced in risk assessment practices. Risk assessments cannot be performed due to reasons such as lack of team integrity because of excessive workload, medical staff consistency, regular patient attendance and security personnel deficiencies in risk assessment forms such as unclear questions and no score equivalent, health personnel’s lack of risk assessment training. The case-oriented explications, compliance with the contemporary practice, and elaborated information provision about suicide is suggested regarding the risk assessment training. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study revealed that health professionals in CMHCs have numerous difficulties regarding risk assessment. Moreover, there are deficiencies in risk assessment practices due to these difficulties. |
RESEARCH ARTICLE | |
5. | Comparison of self-stigma and subjective recovery status of patients receiving Community Mental Health Service and outpatient psychiatry policlinic Aydın Kurt, Etem Erdal Erşan, İpek Savaş doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.73383 Pages 103 - 112 INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) services on self stigmatization and subjective recovery feeling of schizophrenia diagnosed individuals and to determine the factors that affecting the subjective recovery. METHODS: The study included 145 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Of them, 64 treated in the psychiatry policlinics and 81 who received service from the CMHC. Socio-demographic and disease/treatment data forms, Self Stigma İnventory for Patients (SSI-P) and Subjective Recovery Assesment Scale (SRAS) were used to collect data. Patients were divided in two groups according to followed up at CBMHC or psychiatry policlinics. To compare the mean SSI-P and SRAS scores of groups independent samples t test was used. RESULTS: According to results, the mean SSI-P points of CMHC and policlinic groups were 45.33±16.0 and 41.23±16.35 and there were no significant difference between groups. Mean SRAS points of CMHC and policlinic groups was 54.84±17.17 ve 45.97±17.63 and the mean SRAS points were significantly higher in CMHC group (p<0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between self stigma and subjectiv erecovery points. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Due to the results of study, the feelings of subjective recovery was significantly higher in the CMHC group but there was no difference between groups self stigmatization degrees. Although it’s thought that, CMHC services alleviate the personal recovery and social functionality of schizophrenia diagnosed individuals, the need for structured and generalised psychosocial programs about self-stigma also has been shown with this study. |
6. | Determination of the self-efficacy levels of parents with a child with cerebral palsy and the comparison of the parental self-efficacy levels Merve Aşkın Ceran, Burcu Ceylan doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.29974 Pages 113 - 121 INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to determine the self- efficacy levels of the parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare their parental self- efficacy levels. METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 153 parents (106 mothers and 47 fathers) with children with CP who were attending four different special education and rehabilitation centers affiliated to Konya Provincial Directorate of National Education. Of these parents, 47 were married couples. The data were collected using the Information Form and the Parenting Self-Efficacy Instrument for Children with Disabilities (PSICD) between February and March 2019. RESULTS: The average age of children with CP was 8.83±4.58 and 54.2% of them were male, 72.5% of them did not attend school, %43.8 of them were congenitally handicapped and 46.4% of them had more than two affected extremities. The average self-efficacy perception score of the parents was found to be 5.91±1.03. It was determined that the parents whose family type is nuclear family and whose children are girls have higher self-efficacy scores. The average self-efficacy score of the parents according to the affected limb was found to be significant. Parental self-efficacy score was found to be lower in parents with children with more than two affected limbs than parents with one or two affected limbs. The analyses performed to reveal the effects of the disease on the lives of the individuals showed that there is a difference between the self-efficacy mean scores of the parents and out-of-home responsibilities and the time allocated to others. It was also found that there was a difference between the emotional states of anger and sadness experienced by the individuals and the self-efficacy mean scores of the parents. A significant difference was found between the male parents' sense of affection and the parents' self-efficacy mean scores. It was determined that the feeling of affection was higher. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The mean self-efficacy score of the parents with a child with CP was found to be high, which is affected by some characteristics of the parents. The self-efficacy mean scores of the parents were similar. |
7. | The effects of physical exercise on the depressive symptoms and quality of life of individuals diagnosed with depression Simla Adagide, Nimet Karatas doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.19981 Pages 122 - 131 INTRODUCTION: This study examines the effects of physical exercise on the depressive symptoms and quality of life of individuals diagnosed with depression. METHODS: This study used a pretest and a posttest with experimental and control groups. It was conducted in the Nevşehir province of Turkey. The study included 50 patients in the experimental group and 50 patients in the control group who met the inclusion criteria. The experimental group was administered a 14-week exercise program that included 30–45 minutes a day of mild-to-moderate step aerobics three times a week. Maximum heart rate (MHR) was used to keep the exercises at mild-to-moderate level and to select the groups for the exercise program. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the WHO Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) scale were used to evaluate the participants’ depressive symptoms and quality of life at the beginning of the exercise program and the 4th, 8th, 12th and 14th weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group’s median depression scores before the exercise program and in the subsequent measurements fell more than those of the control group (p<.05). The experimental group’s median scores in the physical, social, and environmental domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scale were higher than those of the control group (p<.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The physical exercise program reduced the patients’ depressive symptoms and increased their quality of life. Nurses who care for patients diagnosed with depression should encourage them to exercise regularly. |
8. | Psychosocial Status Assessment Scale For Children Aged 3–6 Years – Parent-Form development: Validity and reliability study Emine Güneş Şan, Naime Altay doi: 10.14744/phd.2021.70037 Pages 132 - 139 INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to develop a psychosocial status assessment scale for children aged 3–6 years – parent form (PSAS 3–6) and determine its validity and reliability. METHODS: The study was conducted on 254 parents having children aged 3–6 years between May 2018 and August 2018. The validity of the scale was tested with content validity and construct validity. In order to determine the reliability of the scale, test-retest, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient, and Item Total Score Correlation Coefficient were examined. RESULTS: The content validity index of the data was between.82 and.97. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) compliance indexes of the construct consisting of 6 subdimensions were determined as X2/sd=1.447, RMSEA=.042, CFI=.95, IFI=.95, GFI=.87, and NNFI=.94 with the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability score of the scale was found to be.83, the test-retest reliability score was found to be.957, and the Item-Total Score Correlation Coefficient was found to be above r=.20. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The scale is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to assess the psychosocial status of children aged 3–6 years. |
9. | Developing Utkan Epidemic Anxiety Scale and analysing its psychometric properties Meryem Fırat, Yalçın Kanbay, Ayşe Okanlı, Aysun Akçam, Mehmet Utkan doi: 10.14744/phd.2021.31932 Pages 140 - 145 INTRODUCTION: To develop the “Utkan epidemic anxiety scale” for measuring the anxiety levels regarding an epidemic in the general population. METHODS: Trial survey forms comprising 20 linguistically and psychometrically verified statements were distributed to 1037 people; the mean age of the participants was 28.6±9.9 years (age range, 15–68 years), and 72% of the participants were women. Structural and internal validity of the scale was assessed to determine overall validity of the scale. Factor analysis was performed to check the structural validity, and subgroup-super group comparisons were performed to determine internal validity. The reliability of the scale was measuring by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha (α) reliability coefficient and parallel form consistency. RESULTS: The Utkan epidemic anxiety scale was one-dimensional, consisted of 9 items, and provided explanation regarding 70.8% of the variance related to epidemic anxiety. The scale consists of points ranging from 0–36, and higher points indicate a higher level of epidemic anxiety. The Cronbach α reliability coefficient was 0.94, which indicated a high reliability of the scale. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that the “Utkan epidemic anxiety scale” provided valid and reliable measurements of epidemic anxiety among the general population. |
10. | Reliability and validity of adaptation to the Turkish of the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire and developing of Turkish short form Yıldız Bilge doi: 10.14744/phd.2021.79847 Pages 146 - 155 INTRODUCTION: Alexithymia is one of the important concepts used in the description of psychopathology. The aim of Study 1 was to adapt the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ) to Turkish and to examine its validity and reliability, and the aim of Study 2 to develop the Turkish short form of this scale. METHODS: In Study 1, a community sample of 600 people between the ages of 18 and 73 for pilot application; and for the main application, a community sample of 766 people aged 17–66 was used. In Study 2, there was a community sample of 213 people aged 18–57, and 43 university students for test-retest. For criterion validity, 137 university students were applied Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Toronto Empathy Scale (TES) and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) together with BVAQ. RESULTS: In study 1, internal consistency analysis and exploratory factor analysis results were found to be sufficient, whereas the confirmatory factor analysis results the fit indexes were not sufficient. In Study 2, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis results and criterion correlations for validity were at a very good level. The internal consistency analysis and test-retest correlations were sufficient for reliability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The 40-item form of BVAQ, and developed the first time the Turkish short form is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in our country. However, it has been obtained that the short form provides statistically better results. In addition, strong correlations with TAS-20 are important in terms of demonstrating that BVAQ can be used to evaluate alexithymia, such as TAS-20. |
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH | |
11. | Effect of the Nurse-Led "I Am the Hero of my Body” program on the sexual abuse knowledge of children: A quasi-experimental study Esma Akgül, Sevda Darak, Fatma Nevin Sisman, Ayse Ergun doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.54775 Pages 156 - 164 INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effect of the nurse-led "I am the hero of my body" program on children’s sexual abuse knowledge levels. METHODS: The population of this quasi-experimental study consisted of fourth-grade students in 3 state primary schools in the Umranıye district of Istanbul. The study was carried out with 52 students in the intervention group and 90 students in the control group (n=142). Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form and the Children’s Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire. The program comprised a single 40-minute session including a PowerPoint presentation prepared by the researchers, videos, and role-play techniques. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was accepted at p<0.05. RESULTS: In the pretest, the intervention and control groups were similar in terms of gender, age, place of residence, parental education, parental employment, and previous education from family or teacher. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores in the intervention group (p<0.05). In the posttest, the intervention group had significantly higher good touch and bad touch scores compared to the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The program was effective in increasing children’s sexual abuse knowledge. The program should be implemented in schools and its long-term results evaluated. |
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW | |
12. | The effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on quality of life in breast cancer: A systematic review Merve Ataç doi: 10.14744/phd.2021.68736 Pages 165 - 172 INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to review the studies published between January 2008 and February 2020 on the effects of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, which was applied to people with breast cancer, upon quality of life and to analyze the data obtained from the studies in a systematic form. METHODS: Randomized controlled studies that were conducted with patients with breast cancer and examined the quality of life of people, who participated in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program, were searched on PubMed, Proquest and Google Academic databases in January 2020. All publications were systematically analyzed in terms of methods and findings. RESULTS: As a result of the literature review, 7 articles containing 640 participants were included in the scope of the review. All of the studies evaluated focused on the Mindfulness- Based Stress Reduction program. It was observed that the MBSR program improved quality of life and was effective in terms of increasing the coping skills of patients. As a result of the evaluations, it was found out that the MBSR program increased quality of life in patients with breast cancer and that the generalizability level of these results was high. In addition, with the obtained data, the MBSR program was found to reduce sleep problems and fatigue levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this systematic review, it was determined that the MBSR program was effective and safe in terms of increasing quality of life in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. In addition, it was stated that it played an important role in the development of coping skills, psychological well-being and sleep quality. |
REVIEW | |
13. | The use of humor in palliative care services Beyhan Bag doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.54036 Pages 173 - 179 Developments in pain management with palliative care, improvement in attempts to alleviate the symptoms of the disease, the needs of patients in the terminal illness period have moved to a more central point. Communication with patients and interpersonal relationships have begun to form the subject of research on individuals experiencing this period. The use of humor in palliative care units goes hand in hand with these developments. In this article, the place of humor in palliative care practices and its usability in nursing practices are discussed. |