AMAÇ: Çalýþma, Yaygýn Anksiyete Bozukluðu (YAB) olan hastalara uygulanan biliþsel yaklaþým temelli danýþmanlýðýn, hastalarýn tedaviyle ilgili otomatik düþüncelerine etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlayan kontrol gruplu, önson-test ile izleme ölçümlü müdahale tipi (yarý deneysel) bir araþtýrma olarak yürütülmüþtür.
YÖNTEMLER: Çalýþmanýn örneklemini, YAB tanýsý almýþ ve çalýþmayý kabul eden 20 kiþi çalýþma grubu ve 20 kiþi kontrol grubu olmak üzere 40 hasta oluþturmuþtur. Çalýþma grubundaki hastalarla 45’er dakikalýk 6 görüþme yapýlmýþtýr. Kontrol grubunda olan hastalara ise bir müdahale yapýlmamýþtýr. Her iki gruba da ilk görüþme, son görüþme ve bir ay sonraki izlem görüþmesinde kiþisel bilgi formu, otomatik düþünceler ölçeði, özetkililik-yeterlilik ölçeði, tedavi ile ilgili otomatik düþünceler ölçeði ve beck anksiyete ölçeði uygulanmýþtýr.Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde Mann Whitney U Testi, Wilcoxon iþaretli sýralar testi ve Friedman testi kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmada biliþsel yaklaþýma dayalý danýþmanlýðýn, hastalarýn tedavi ile ilgili otomatik düþüncelerinin ve otomatik düþüncelerinin sýklýðýnda azalma saðladýðý, anksiyetenin azalmasýna ve özyeterlilik puanlarýnýn artmasýna katký saðladýðý görülmüþtür.
SONUÇ: Sonuç olarak, biliþsel yaklaþýma dayalý tedaviye uyum ile ilgili danýþmanlýðýn hemþirelik uygulamasýnda kullanýlabilecek bir model olduðu deðerlendirilmiþtir.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted as the intervention type having the observational measurement and control group with pre-post test study (semi experimental)in order to identify the effect of the cognitive aproach-based counseling in the patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on the patients’ authomatic thoughts related to treatment.
METHODS: . The sample of the study contained 40 patient with GAB diagnosis including 20 patients for the study group and 20 patient for the control group. 6 interviews of 45 minutes were performed with the patient in the study group.No intervention was made for the control group. The personal consenting form, The Automatic Thoughts scale, The Self-efficacy Scale, Automatic Thoughts Related to Treatment Scale and Beck anxiety scale were applied to both groups in the first and the observational interview after a month. Mann Whitney U Test, Wilcoxon Marked Rank Test, and Friedman Test were used for the assesment of the data
RESULTS: . It was seen in the study that cognitive aproach-based counseling provided the decrease in the frequency of the patients’ authomatic thoughts and authomatic thoughts related to treatment, and that it provided the decrease in anxiety and the increase in the self-efficacy points.
CONCLUSION: . Consequently, it was assessed that the cognitive aproach-based counseling, treatment compliance was the model which will be able to be used for the nursing practice.

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AMAÇ: Bu araþtýrma saðlýk profesyoneli olacak öðrencilerin ölüme karþý tutumlarý ve ölüm kaygýlarý arasýndaki iliþkiyi ve bunlarý etkileyen deðiþkenleri incelemek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEMLER: Kesitsel tipte planlanan araþtýrmanýn örnek grubunu 2011-2012 öðretim yýlýnda Ege Üniversitesi Ýzmir Atatürk Saðlýk Yüksekokulu Hemþirelik, Ebelik, Beslenme ve Diyetetik ve Saðlýk Memurluðu bölümlerine kayýtlý hazýrlýk sýnýfý dýþýnda yer alan 800 öðrenciden, araþtýrmaya katýlmayý kabul eden 456 öðrenci oluþturmuþtur
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmanýn sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre kadýnlarýn erkeklere göre ölümü daha çok tarafsýz kabullendiði, erkeklerin ise ölüm kaygýsýný daha çok yaþadýðý belirlenmiþtir. Ölümün rengini ‘siyah’ olarak tanýmlayan öðrencilerin ölüm kaygýsý ve korkusu puan ortalamalarý daha yüksek bulunurken, ölümün rengini beyaz olarak tanýmlayan öðrencilerin ölümü kabul puanlarý daha yüksek olup, istatistiksel açýdan anlamlý bir fark olduðu belirlenmiþtir.
SONUÇ: Saðlýk yüksekokulu öðrencileri arasýnda kadýn, 4. sýnýf ve ölüm süreci ile karþýlaþmýþ öðrencilerin korku ve kaygýyý daha çok yaþadýðý, ölümden korkanlarýn, kaygýlarýnýn da arttýðý söylenebilir.

OBJECTIVE: This study has been arranged to investigate the relationship between the attitudes of the students to death and their death anxiety who will become the medicalcare Professional and variations which affect them

METHODS: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 456 students who volunteered to take part in this reserach out of a total of 800 students who were enrolled in Nursing, Midwifery, Nutrition & Dietetics, or Health Officer programs excluding those in the foreign language prepatory class at Ege University during the 2011-2012 academic year.
RESULTS: According to the findings of research, when the relationship between attitude toward death and death anxiety was analyzed for various variables, it was found that women experienced more death anxiety and fear of death than men, and that the difference was statistically significant. The students who defined the color of death as “black” had higher mean scores for death anxiety and fear of death, while the students who defined the color of death as “white” had higher acceptance of death scores
CONCLUSION: In students of school of health,grade 4th and female studens more live in fear and in anxiety,when they fear of death, their anxiety is increased that is detectable.

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AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý “Ruh Saðlýðý ve Hastalýklarý Hemþireliði” dersinin, öðrencilerin duygusal durumlara yaklaþma ve kaçýnma motivasyon düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini ve sosyo-demografik özelliklerle iliþkisini araþtýrmaktýr.
YÖNTEMLER: Bu çalýþma ön test-son test desenli (kontrol grupsuz) müdahale araþtýrmasýdýr. Çalýþmanýn örneklemini bir Saðlýk Yüksekokulu Hemþirelik Bölümü’nde Ruh Saðlýðý ve Hastalýklarý Hemþireliði dersini alan 74 hemþirelik öðrencisi oluþturdu. Duygu Gereksinimleri Ölçeði (DGÖ) dersin baþýnda ve sonunda olmak üzere 14 hafta arayla iki kez uygulandý. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde sayý, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, t-testi ve varyans analizi testleri kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrmaya katýlan öðrencilerin %55.4’ü 22-24 yaþ grubunda ve kýz öðrencilerden (%83.8) oluþtu. Öðrencilerin DGÖ’nün “duygulara yaklaþma” alt boyutu ön test puan ortalamasýnýn 15.62±9.89, son test puan ortalamasýnýn ise 27.17±10.91 olduðu ve aradaki farkýn ileri düzeyde anlamlý olduðu belirlendi (p<0.001). “Duygulardan kaçýnma” alt boyutu ön test puan ortalamasýnýn 9.77±11.32 ve son test puan ortalamasýnýn 8.40±12.65 olduðu ve aradaki farkýn anlamlý olmadýðý saptandý (p>0.05).
SONUÇ: Araþtýrma Ruh Saðlýðý ve Hastalýklarý Hemþireliði dersinin hemþirelik öðrencilerinin duygusal durumlara yaklaþma becerisi üzerinde etkili olabildiðini göstermektedir. Bu bakýmdan, daha geniþ örneklem gruplarýnda ve kontrol gruplu, deneysel çalýþmalar yapýlmasý önerilir.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a mental health and psychiatric nursing course on the approach and avoidance motivation levels of nursing students to emotional situations and the relationship of these levels to the nurses’ socio-demographic characteristics.
METHODS: This was a single group (no control group) pretest-posttest intervention study that included 74 nursing students taking a mental health and psychiatric nursing course in a school of health sciences. The Need for Affect Scale (NAS) was given to the nursing students at the beginning and at the end of course, which was an interval of 14 weeks. Data were evaluated by numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations and t- tests.
RESULTS: 55.4% of the students were aged between 22 and 24 years and 83.3% of them were female. The mean pretest NAS score of the approach subscale was 15.62±9.89 and the mean posttest score was 27.17±10.91, which was significantly different (p<0.001). The mean pretest NAS score of the avoidance subscale was 11.32±9.77 and the mean posttest score was 8.40±12.65, which was not significantly different (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a mental health and psychiatric nursing course can positively impact the ability of nursing students to approach emotional situations. In light of these positive results, we recommend repeating this research with a larger number of students and including a control group.

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Amaç: Bu çalýþma ilköðretim çaðý çocuklarýnda somatizasyon durumunu ve somatik belirtiler nedeniyle okul revirine baþvuru durumlarýný belirlemek amacýyla yapýlmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanýmlayýcý tipte olan çalýþma Ýstanbul'da bulunan iki kamu ilköðretim okulunun 3-8.sýnýflarýnda öðrenim gören 453 öðrenci ile 2011 bahar döneminde gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Çalýþmada veriler Sosyo-Demografik Anket, Çocuk Somatizasyon Envanteri- 24 (çocuk formu) ve Okul Reviri Ýzlem Formu ile toplanmýþtýr.
Bulgular: Araþtýrmaya katýlan öðrencilerin Çocuk Somatizasyon Envanteri toplam puan ortanca deðeri kýzlarda 12 (6-19.25), erkeklerde 8 (4-15), tüm grupta 10 (5-17) bulunmuþtur. Cinsiyete göre öðrencilerin somatizasyon puanlarý arasýnda istatistiksel olarak fark saptanmýþtýr (p< 0.001). Kýzlarda yaþ gruplarýna göre deðerlendirildiðinde, somatizasyon ortanca puaný 12-14 yaþ grubunda [ortanca 14 (8, 22)] 9-11 yaþ grubundan [ortanca 11 (5, 17.75)] istatistiksel olarak anlamlý yüksek bulunmuþtur (p=0.01). Öðrencilerde en yaygýn þikayet olarak %75.7 baþaðrýsý, %57.4 midede ya da karnýnda aðrý, %55.8 kollarda ya da bacaklarda aðrý, %50.8 enerjide azalma hissi, %47.2 kaslarda güçsüzlük olarak belirlenmiþtir. Öðrencilerin %38.1’i yiyeceklerin hasta etmesi, %36.4’ü kusma, %36’sý kabýzlýk, %35.3’ü baygýnlýk/baþ dönmesi ve kalbinde/göðsünde aðrý, %34.6’sý midede/karýnda aðrý, %34’ü kollarda/bacaklarda aðrý nedeniyle saðlýk ofisine baþvurduklarý belirlenmiþtir.
Sonuç: Çalýþma bulgularý Türk adolesanlarda somatik þikayetlerin olduðunu, adölesan kýzlarýn somatizasyon puanýnýn daha yüksek olduðunu ve somatik belirtileri olan çocuklarýn en fazla %38’inin saðlýk ofisi'ni ziyaret ettiðini göstermiþtir.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the somatization in schoolchildren and to examine the status of the visiting the school health office with somatic complaints.
Methods: This descriptive design study was carried out in two public primary schools with 453 schoolchildren in grades 3-8 in the spring 2011 in Istanbul. Data were collected by The Demographic Questionnaire, Children Somatization Inventory-24 (child form) and School Health Office Follow-up Form.
Results: The Children Somatization Inventory total median score was 12 (6-19.25) in the girls, 8 (4-15) in the boys and 10 (5-17) in the all group. There were statistically significant differences in somatization scores according to gender (p< 0.001).Girls in 12-14 years were significantly higher median score [median 14 (8, 22)] than girls in 9-11 years [median 11 (5, 17.75)] on the total score (p=0.01). The most common symptoms were headache (75.7 %), pain in stomach (57.4%), pain in arms or legs (55.8 %), feeling low in energy or slowed down (50.8 %), numbness or tingling in parts of the body (47.2 %). It was determined that the students were visiting the school health office with somatic complaints such as food making sick (38.1%), vomiting (36.4%), constipation (36%), faintness or dizziness and pain in heart or chest (35.3%), pain in stomach or abdomen (34.6%) and pain in arms or legs (34%).
Conclusion: This study findings show that there were somatic symptoms in Turkish school children. Adolescent girls had higher somatic symptoms and 38% of schoolchildren with somatic complaints visit school health office.

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AMAÇ: Bu çalýþma, madde kullaným bozukluðu olan ve olmayan ergenlerin baðlanma stilleri arasýndaki iliþkinin araþtýrýlmasý, baðlanma stilinin, ebeveyn tutumlarýnýn ve sosyal desteðin madde kullanýmýna etkisinin deðerlendirilmesi amacý ile yapýlmýþ, tanýmlayýcý tipte bir araþtýrmadýr.
YÖNTEMLER: Gerekli kurum izinleri alýndýktan sonra anne-babalarý tarafýndan araþtýrmaya katýlýmý onaylanan ve araþtýrmayý sürdürecek düzeyde ruhsal iyilik düzeyine sahip olan 14-18 yaþlarý arasýndaki 544 ergen ile yüz yüze görüþülerek sosyo-demografik özelliklerin yer aldýðý Tanýtýcý Bilgi Formu, Ýliþki Ölçekleri Anketi, Ana-Baba Tutum Ölçeði ve Çok Boyutlu Algýlanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeði uygulanmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Araþtýrma sonunda madde kullaným bozukluðu olan ergenlerin madde kullaným bozukluðu olmayan ergenlere göre, daha düþük düzeyde güvenli ve saplantýlý baðlandýðý, daha yüksek düzeyde korkulu ve kayýtsýz baðlandýðý; toplam sosyal destek algýsýnýn ve aile desteði algýsýnýn madde kullaným bozukluðu olmayan ergenlere göre, daha düþük olduðu; ailelerinin daha az kabul-ilgi, kontrol-denetleme gösterdiði ve psikolojik özerklik saðladýðý bulunmuþtur.
SONUÇ: Elde edilen sonuçlar doðrultusunda madde kullaným bozukluðu olan ergenlere ve ailelerine psikiyatri hemþiresi tarafýndan yapýlandýrýlmýþ, destekleyici, terapötik bir ruhsal destek sunulmasýnýn yararý olacaktýr.

OBJECTIVE: This research is a descriptive field study conducted in order to investigate of the differences between normal adolescence and adolescence diagnosed with substance use disorder and was to evaluate the effect of attachment style, parent attitude and social support on substance use.
METHODS: After obtaining the necessary permissions from institutions, Identification Information Form, Parenting Style Inventory, Multidimensionel Scale of Perceived Social Support and Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire was applied to 544 adolescents, between 14-18 years who have mental well-being to maintaining participating and getting informed consent from adolescence’s parents through face to face.
RESULTS: The adolescence diagnosed with substance use disorder had less secure and preoccupied attachment than normal adolescence and more fearful and dismissed attachment. Also the adolescence diagnosed with substance use disorder had less family and total social support than normal adolescence and their family brought them less parental acceptance and involvement, less control attitude, and psychological autonomy.
CONCLUSION: The implementation of therapeutic, structured mental support program by psychiatric nursing to adolescences who have substance use disorder could be beneficial.

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AMAÇ: Çalýþma kronik ruhsal sorunlu hastalarýn primer bakým vericilerinde tükenmiþlik ve depresyon arasýndaki iliþkiyi incelenmek amacý ile yapýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEMLER: Kesitsel ve tanýmlayýcý nitelikteki çalýþma 1 Ekim 2009–30 Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasýnda bir üniversite hastanesinin psikiyatri servisinde yatarak tedavi gören 103 hastanýn primer bakým vericisi ile yapýlmýþtýr. Çalýþmada veriler Kiþisel Bilgi Formu, Maslach Tükenmiþlik Ölçeði ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeði ile toplanmýþtýr. Verilerin deðerlendirilmesinde yüzdelik daðýlým, t testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi, Tukey testi ve ANOVA testleri kullanýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Bakým vericilerde tükenmiþliðin alt gruplarýndan duygusal tükenme, duyarsýzlaþma ve kiþisel baþarýda düþme ile depresyon puanlarý arasýnda anlamlý iliþki olduðu, duygusal tükenme, duyarsýzlaþma ve kiþisel baþarýda düþme arttýkça depresyonun arttýðý bulunmuþtur. Bakým vericilerin medeni durum, meslek, yaþadýðý yere göre tükenmiþlik ve depresyon puaný arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark olmadýðý saptanmýþtýr (p>0.05). Bakým vericilerin cinsiyet, eðitim durumu, hastaya yakýnlýk derecesi ve hastanýn en son hastaneye yatýþ zamanýna göre depresyon puaný arasýnda; yaþ grubu ve eðitim durumuna göre duygusal tükenme puaný arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark olduðu saptanmýþtýr (p<0.05). Kadýn, okur-yazar olmayan ve eþ konumundaki bakým vericilerde ve 0−1 yýl önce hastaneye yatýþý olan hastalarýn bakým vericilerinde depresyon puaný yüksek, 18–25 yaþ grubundaki ve üniversite mezunu bakým vericilerde duygusal tükenme puaný düþüktür.
SONUÇ: Kronik ruhsal sorunlu hastalarýn primer bakým vericileri tükenmiþlik ve depresyon yaþamaktadýr. Tükenmiþlik ve depresyon arasýnda yakýn iliþki bulunmaktadýr. Primer bakým vericilerde tükenmiþlik arttýkça depresyon da artmaktadýr. Ruh saðlýðý alanýnda çalýþan saðlýk personelleri kronik ruhsal sorunu olan hasta ailelerini belirli aralýklarla tükenmiþlik ve depresyon yönünden deðerlendirmeli ve bakým vericileri güçlendirmeye ve depresyonu önlemeye yönelik planlamalar yapmalýdýr.

OBJECTIVE: Study aimed to investigation the relationship in between burnout and depression in primary caregivers of chronic mental problem patients.
METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed with caregivers of 103 inpatients in psychiatry service of a university hospital between 1st of October 2009 and 30th of April 2011. Data was collected by Personal Information Form, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Percentage distribution, t test, Pearson correlation analysis, Tukey and ANOVA tests were used for evaluating data.
RESULTS: A significant relation was determined between emotional burnout, desensitization and decrease in personal success which are subgroups of burnout in caregivers and depression points and that depression increased parallelly with the increase in emotional burnout, desensitization and decrease in personal success. No significant difference was determined between the marital status, job, place of living of caregivers and the depression point. (p>0.05). Significant difference was determined between the gender, education level, proximity to the patient, hospitalization time of patient and depression point; between age group, education level and emotional burnout (p<0.05). Depression point is high in women, illiterate, spouse caregivers and caregivers of patients who were hospitalized 0-1 years ago while emotional burnout point is low in caregivers with age 18-25 and university graduation.
CONCLUSION: Primary caregivers of chronic mental problem patients face burnout and depression which are closely related. Depression of primary caregivers increase parallelly with increasing burnout. Medical personnel working in sanity field should evaluate families of chronic problem patients in certain intervals and make planning according to strengthen caregivers and prevent depression.

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Geliþtirilen erken taný ve tedavi yöntemleri kanserli hastalarýn saðkalýmýna katký saðlamakla birlikte, hastalarýn tümü küratif tedavi edilememektedir. Bu grup literatürde “ileri evre, nüks, metastaz (advanced)” ve “ tedavi edilemez (incurable)” kanserler olarak belirtilmiþtir. Mevcut saðlýk sisteminde ilerlemiþ kanser hastalarýnýn orta veya yüksek düzeyde karþýlanmamýþ gereksinimleri ve problemleri olduðu gösterilmiþtir. Bakým gereksinimleri ve problemleri fiziksel, bilgi, iletiþim, psikolojik, cinsel, sosyal, finansal ve spiritüel alanlarý içerir. Karþýlanmamýþ gereksinimler yaþam kalitesinin ve hasta memnuniyetinin azalmasýyla iliþkilidir. Ülkemizde palyatif bakým hizmeti yaygýnlaþtýrýlma yolundadýr. Ýleri evre, nüks veya metastaz saptanan yetiþkin hastalarýn bakýmýnda yol gösterici olabilecek bu derleme, hastalarýn gereksinimlerini, hangi gereksinimlerin ne oranda karþýlanmadýðýný incelemek amacýyla hazýrlanmýþtýr.

While early diagnoses and treatment methods that have been developed contribute to the survival rates of cancer patients, not all patients can be treated curatively. Patients who have advanced stage, recurrent, metastatic and incurable cancer are listed in this category in the literature. Advanced stage cancer patients are observed to have medium to high levels of unmet needs and problems in the current health care system. Health care needs and related problems of such patients include information needs as well as physical, psychological, sexual, social, financial and spiritual aspects of care. Unmet needs are associated with decline in quality of life and patient satisfaction. Palliative care services are on the verge of growing rapidly in Turkey. The current review aims to identify health care needs and the proportion of unmet needs in adult cancer patients with advanced stage, recurrent or metastasized cancer and may serve as a guide for the care of such patients.

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