Quality of life among Indonesian school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A concept analysis

This concept analysis aimed to clarify the conceptual significance of quality of life (QoL) among school-aged children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant was utilized to examine the notion of QoL in Indonesian school-aged children with ADHD by searching three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycINFO). A comprehensive analysis of 14 selected relevant studies was conducted. The model case was provided to define the concept of QoL in school-aged children with ADHD, followed by additional cases such as borderline, related, and contrary cases. The key characteristics of the concept of QoL about children with ADHD include (1) the subjective perception of both children and their parents regarding the children’s life experiences with ADHD; (2) the ability of children and their parents to identify and assess the satisfaction levels in various aspects of the children’s lives, including physical, emotional, social, and academic domains; and (3) the existence of measures that can be used to evaluate the perception of QoL in children with ADHD by children and their parents. Perceptions of both parents and children are essential to understanding the concept of QoL among school-aged children with ADHD. Therefore, the existing instrument can be used, but the nursing interventions of QoL for Indonesian children may need to be developed by targeting parents and children.