INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the experiences of compassion fatigue among nurses working in a psychiatric clinic using a phenomenological approach.
METHODS: This phenomenological study was conducted between July and September 2023 with 14 nurses working in a psychiatric clinic, using semi-structured questions. Criterion sampling was employed to reach the sample group, and interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Colaizzi's seven-step method was used to analyze the data, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the participants' experiences and thereby contributing to the reliability of the findings.
RESULTS: Five themes were developed based on 16 categories identified in the study. The themes included the role of com-passion in psychiatric care, nurses' perceptions of compassion fatigue, negative emotions that trigger compassion fatigue in psychiatric care, strategies for coping with compassion fatigue, and suggestions for managing compassion fatigue.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study concluded that compassion is fundamental to psychiatric care but can also lead to compassion fatigue when professional boundaries are crossed. Nurses stated that feelings such as exhaustion, anger, sadness, fear, and anxiety increased the risk of compassion fatigue. It was found that they used dysfunctional coping methods such as increased smoking, emotional avoidance, and shifting focus. The study also revealed that nurses had expectations in clinical and educational areas to prevent compassion fatigue.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social inclusion level, successful aging, and subjective happiness among elderly individuals enrolled in the 60+ Refreshment University.
METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional correlational study. In this research, social inclusion level was considered the independent variable, while successful aging and subjective happiness were treated as the dependent variables. The study population consisted of 600 elderly individuals actively enrolled in the Third Age University affiliated with Akdeniz University. The study sample comprised 152 elderly individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Social Inclusion Scale (SIS), the Successful Aging Scale (SAS), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire–Short Form (OHQ-SF).
RESULTS: A significant positive relationship was found between social inclusion, successful aging, and happiness (p<0.01). Additionally, social inclusion was found to influence successful aging by 5% and happiness by 18.8%. It was determined that social inclusion contributes to increased successful aging and happiness.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Elderly individuals were found to have moderate levels of social inclusion, successful aging, and happiness, and these three factors were shown to influence each other. Nurses can contribute to successful aging and happiness by promoting social participation among elderly individuals. It is recommended to establish stronger social support networks and to develop programs that support the physical and mental well-being of elderly individuals.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the effects of eclectic nursing interventions on functional anger and assertiveness in young adults.
METHODS: The cross-sectional interventional pretest–posttest design study sample consisted of 16 undergraduate nursing students who were at risk for anger and had above-average scores on the Trait Anger subscales of the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The intervention was prepared by integrating the basic principles of cognitive behavioral theory with psychodramatic-directed warm-up games and expressionist art interventions. Ten sessions of the eclectic intervention program were implemented, and pretest, posttest, and follow-up data were collected using the Rathus Assertiveness Inventory and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory.
RESULTS: Repeated measurements between the dependent groups after the program revealed a statistically significant difference in total and sub-dimension anger and assertiveness scores (p<0.05). This difference, observed as a result of the intervention program, remained significant in the long term.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that brief art-integrated psychotherapeutic nursing interventions may be helpful in promoting assertiveness and regulating anger in undergraduate students. CBT-based art and expressive eclectic courses may be incorporated into undergraduate curricula for health promotion and may therefore contribute to well-being and protect against burnout.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the dietary habits and related parameters of individuals with mental disorders.
METHODS: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 94 individuals hospitalized in the psychiatric clinic of a hospital between June and December 2021. Data were collected using an information form created by the researchers.
RESULTS: Of the participants, 83% were male, and 25.5% had a chronic physical illness. The patients had a diagnosis of mental disorder for an average of 6.07 years. The most common side effect was an increase in appetite (36.4%). Additionally, 76.6% ate within 15 minutes, 93.6% consumed fish once a week or never, and 56.4% never exercised. Individuals who consumed home-cooked meals had lower BMI averages than those who consumed fast food. A weakly significant positive correlation was found between BMI and waist circumference averages and the duration of medication use. Individuals with anxiety disorders had lower waist circumference, glucose, and LDL values compared to those with mood disorders. In contrast, individuals with psychotic disorders had significantly lower LDL levels than those diagnosed with mood disorders.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Individuals with mental disorders were found to have inadequate and unbalanced nutrition, consuming diets rich in carbohydrates and low in protein, which negatively affected their parameters. Psychiatric nurses should evaluate the dietary habits of patients and provide counseling about healthy nutrition.

INTRODUCTION: Resilience is the ability to maintain or rapidly recover mental health under stress. Mental health professionals are often exposed to workplace stress through violence, emotional labor, restrictions, and traumatic stories. Secondary traumatic stress results from being affected by others’ traumatic experiences. Examining the relationship between resilience and secondary traumatic stress among mental health professionals is therefore essential.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted between February and April 2022. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Resilience Scale for Adults, and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Participants included 212 psychiatric and mental health nurses, 28 psychiatrists, 14 psychologists, and six social workers.
RESULTS: A significant positive relationship was found between resilience and secondary traumatic stress. The regression model, including secondary traumatic stress, gender, educational status, willingness to work in mental health, job satisfaction, and unit of work, significantly predicted resilience.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Secondary traumatic stress and work-related factors, such as willingness and satisfaction with working in mental health and the unit of work, were found to play an essential role in resilience. Institutional support and supervision may strengthen resilience, while reducing secondary traumatic stress can enhance motivation and well-being. Institutions are recommended to implement strategies that address these factors to improve both resilience and professional effectiveness.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the Turkish validity and reliability of the Quality of Care Through the Patient's Eyeschemo Scale.
METHODS: Conducted at a university hospital in Türkiye, the study utilized a methodological design and involved 335 chemotherapy patients in the Outpatient Unit. Data collection employed a simple random sampling method along with a "Patient Information Form" and the "Quality of Care Through the Patient's Eyeschemo Scale." Steps were taken to determine the language, content, construct validity, and reliability of the scale.
RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 54.48 years, with the majority being female (53.1%) and married (75.8%). Breast cancer (22.1%), lung cancer (17.3%), and colon cancer (10.7%) were the most common diagnoses among patients. Content validity analysis resulted in the removal of 9 items from the 67-item scale, with a content validity index of 0.92. The suitability of the data for factor analysis was confirmed with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.936 and Bartlett's test (6042.307, p<0.000). However, in construct validity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) fit indices, including χ²/SS (3.963), GFI (0.674), IFI (0.690), CFI (0.788), and RMSEA (0.124), fell below acceptable limits, suggesting incompatibility of the original structure of the scale in the country. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a 3-factor structure with 27 items, explaining 59.648% of the total variance. The scale demonstrated a Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient of 0.871, a Guttman equivalent halves coefficient of 0.867, and a total Cronbach's alpha value of 0.950.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the information and communication needs of chemotherapy patients. It is expected to serve as a guide for chemotherapy nurses in effectively assessing these needs.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone’s mental health as well as their physical health. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nutritional literacy on depression status among COVID-19 survivors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 survivors in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from March to June 2022. According to the sample size, a total of 567 participants were selected. To assess depression status, participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale—21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire, with each category consisting of 7 questions. The participants' nutritional literacy status was tested using the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ), which consists of 16 questions.
RESULTS: Most of the participants were women (71.8%) and had undergraduate education (44.3%). The literacy status of most participants was in the good category (53.6%). Regarding depression status, the majority did not experience depression (72.8%), followed by mild depression (8.5%), moderate depression (11.8%), severe depression (6%), and extremely severe depression (6%). The results of the bivariate test analysis showed a significant correlation between nutritional literacy and depression status (p=0.000, r=-0.236).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Nutritional literacy has a significant impact on depression status in COVID-19 survivors. Good nutritional literacy can reduce depression status and vice versa.

INTRODUCTION: This research seeks to explore the distinct impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy, with particular emphasis on how fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress influence prenatal management.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive and correlational research consisted of 89 pregnant women in a province in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), the Health Locus of Control Scale for the Fetus, and the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of pregnant women’s age, medical and obstetric risks affecting fetal health, psychosocial changes in pregnancy, expectations for childbirth, COVID-19 vaccination status, and recent loss variables on the Health Locus of Control Scale for the Fetus. A p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The findings indicate that the fear of COVID-19 particularly lowers the focus on internal health checks and can lead to increased stress and anxiety during pregnancy. Additionally, it was concluded that receiving the COVID-19 vaccine has a positive impact on internal health check focus, thereby contributing to a safer and more controlled pregnancy process.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the importance of supporting both the psychological and physical health of pregnant women during the pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: In nursing education, although students receive training in communication and interview techniques, the objective assessment of these skills remains a challenge. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable checklist to evaluate nursing students’ interview skills, guided by Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory.
METHODS: The study employed a methodological design and was conducted with 95 intern nursing students. The Interview Skills Assessment Checklist (ISAC) was developed by the researchers based on theoretical and expert input. Content validity was assessed using expert evaluation and Kendall’s W coefficient (W=0.595, p<0.001). Discriminative validity was examined using the independent samples t-test between upper and lower 27% groups. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, and construct validity was tested via exploratory factor analysis.
RESULTS: The checklist consists of 14 items structured into three sub-dimensions: management of the interview, setting up the interview framework, and interview-related skills. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.821, and the three-factor structure explained 53.17% of the total variance. Each item is scored on a 3-point Likert scale (1=insufficient, 3=sufficient), with higher scores indicating better performance. No test-retest analysis was conducted, as the students’ skills were expected to develop over time.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The developed checklist is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating nursing students’ interview performance. It can be used both to monitor students' progress throughout their training (formative assessment) and to evaluate their competency at the end of the educational process (summative assessment). Additionally, it can be adapted for use in the education of other health professions where similar skills are assessed.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted as a pre-test, post-test, follow-up randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on perceived stress levels and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in nursing students.
METHODS: The study involved 45 participants, with 22 in the intervention group and 23 in the control group. Data collection tools included a personal characteristics form, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. The intervention group attended an online MBSR program once weekly for eight weeks, with sessions lasting 60–90 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Assessments were conducted at pre-test, post-test, one-month, and three-month follow-ups.
RESULTS: The results revealed a significant reduction in perceived stress scores in the intervention group across all measurement points compared to the control group. On the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale, the intervention group showed lower scores in the "rumination" and "self-blame" subscales post-intervention and during follow-ups. Additionally, they scored higher in the "acceptance," "positive refocusing," and "putting into perspective" subscales at similar intervals. Feedback from the intervention group indicated that 33.3% found the program beneficial for stress management, 66% reported enhanced mindfulness, and 33.3% noted increased awareness.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The MBSR program effectively reduced perceived stress levels and encouraged positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, such as increased acceptance, reduced rumination, and improved perspective-taking among nursing students. These findings suggest that mindfulness practices can be a valuable tool in fostering emotional well-being and stress resilience in this population.

INTRODUCTION: Over the past decade, extensive evidence has pointed to a high prevalence of mental health issues among nurses, particularly stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. At the same time, there has been a call to assess nurses' mental health literacy (MHL) and prioritize initiatives that promote MHL, which could improve their mental health. To evaluate the mental health literacy regarding depression of Portuguese nurses working in a hospital setting.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses in Portugal. Mental health literacy was evaluated using QuALiSMental for depression. Summary statistics (e.g., percentage distributions) were calculated using SPSS 28. A point estimate and confidence interval for the proportion were used for inference. STROBE guidelines were used to report the study.
RESULTS: A total of 483 nurses completed the Questionnaire for Assessment of Mental Health Literacy (QuALiSMental). The results show good MHL, with a particular emphasis on recognizing depression (95% CI: 78.77–85.62). However, these values are not extendable to all components of MHL, with notable gaps in knowledge regarding some mental health first-aid strategies.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results observed in this study, although still distant from what is considered optimal, show—com-pared to other studies conducted in different contexts using similar methodologies—that nurses' MHL levels are generally positive. Adequate levels of MHL can contribute to using this knowledge to benefit one's mental health and that of others with whom they interact in their personal and professional daily lives. In the case of depression, adequate levels of MHL can help reduce the time between the onset of the first signs and symptoms and the provision of specialized help, potentially preventing the worsening of suffering and the progression to chronic situations.