INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women, the types of violence that women are exposed to and their relationship with women's methods of coping.
METHODS: The study was conducted with 150 women at two different social life centers affiliated with a municipality from September 2015 to June 2016. The data were collected using an interview form and the Coping with Stress Inventory (WOCI). Frequency and percentage distributions, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Of the women, 67.3% were exposed to least one type of violence in their lifetime, and 62.7% were exposed to least one type of violence in the last year. Of them, 34.7% were exposed to physical violence in their lifetime, and 21.3% were exposed to physical violence in the last year; 52.7% were exposed to emotional violence in their lifetime, and 48.7% were exposed to emotional violence in the last year; 14% were exposed to sexual violence in their lifetime, 11.3% were exposed to sexual violence in the last year; 22.7% were exposed to economic violence in their lifetime, and 21.3% were exposed to economic violence in the last year. The women who were exposed to physical, sexual and economic violence were less likely to use the self-confident and optimistic approach than the others. The women who were exposed to violence used the social support approach less than the others. The women who were exposed to emotional violence were more likely to use the submissive approach than the others.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The women were exposed to emotional violence most. The women who were exposed to physical, sexual and economic violence used the problem-focused approach less often. The women who were exposed to emotional violence were found to use the emotional-focused approach more often. New ways for women to cope with violence should be developed.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine factors affecting subjective happiness, identify and compare the effects of pregnancy intendedness on subjective happiness.
METHODS: This study is a descriptive and relationship-seeking study. 610 people was included in the study, 302 people who wanted their pregnancy and 308 people who did not want their pregnancies in Diyarbakır Maternity and Children Hospital between 29.05.2018 and 25.02.2019. A Personal Information Form and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) were used to collect study data.
RESULTS: It was found that SHS mean scores of the women who wanted to become pregnant (18.58±3.82) and did not want to become pregnant (15.62±5.01) were statistically significant (p<0.05). Age, place of residence, spouse age, pregnancy and number of miscarriages affected the mean scores of SHS in woman who wanted to become pregnant. Similarly, it was found that age, income perception, spouse age and spouse working status, number of pregnancies, number of living children and miscarriages of women who did not want to become pregnant affected the mean SHS score. In both groups, it was found that similar variables affected the mean scores of SHS and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that those who wanted to become pregnant were happier and being pregnant increased their subjective happiness. In addition, socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics affected subjective happiness.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to determine sleep quality, fatigue, and concentration in nurses according to their shifts and chronotype.
METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study including 276 of the 331 nurses working at a foundation university hospital in Ankara. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire were used as data forms. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and chi-square test were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: A total of 73.7% of nurses were ‘intermediate-type’ and 21.4% were ‘near morning-type’; 29.9% of nurses who worked during the day and 20% of those who worked rotating shifts were ‘morning-type’ (χ2=11.699, p=0.003). The total PSQI scores were 9.07±3.98 for ‘evening-type’, 8.19±3.76 for ‘intermediate-type’, and 6.57±3.76 for ‘morning-type’ (F=5.536, p=0.004). A total of 77.2% of nurses who had sleep disturbances and 60.1% of those who had no sleep disturbances reported work-related accidents (χ2=9.131, p=0.002); 7.3% of nurses who worked during the day and 17.6% of those who worked in rotating shifts had made a medical error in the previous year (χ2=6.797, p=0.007). The fatigue level was severe in 58.3% of the nurses who had made a medical error and in 37.9% of those who had not made a medical error in the previous year (χ2=6.529, p=0.038). There was no statistically significant difference between these variables according to the chronotype of the nurses.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Chronotype and shift work affect sleep quality in nurses and lead to problems related to patient and employee safety. These results should be considered with respect to the working conditions for nurses.

INTRODUCTION: Parental attitudes, and relations with parents and peers are of great importance in the developmental period of adolescence. This study was carried out to determine the roles of perceived parental attitudes and attachment styles in the self-perception of adolescents.
METHODS: The data were collected from 700 adolescents who were 13–18 years old, using the Parental Attitude Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a structural equation model.
RESULTS: Correlation analysis found that the perceived parental attitudes and attachment styles of the adolescents had a significant effect on their self-development. The structural equation model indicated that, while the attachment styles of the adolescents had a significant effect on self-perception (β=0.79, p<0.05), perceived parental attitudes had no significant effect on self-perception (β=0.11, p>0.05). However, they did have a positive effect on the attachment styles of the adolescents (β=0.77, p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study found that perceived parental attitudes and attachment styles had a significant effect on the self-development of the adolescents. In getting through the developmental process of adolescence, in fulfilling current and future adult responsibilities, and in reducing mental problems, relationships with parents based on trust and perceived democratic parental attitudes are healthier and more productive.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to compare the perceived social support and quality of life in individuals with mental health disorders living in nursing home and with family.
METHODS: This study used relational screening model. The sample consisted of a total of 220 individuals with mental health disorders, including 110 living in eight private nursing homes in Konya, Adana, Antalya, and Yalova and 110 living with their families. Data were collected between October 2015 and April 2017 by using the Interview Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Quality of Life Index (QLI) (Wisconsin).
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the QLI mean scores of mentally impaired patients living in nursing home and with family. However, those living with family had significantly higher mean scores on the QLI subscales of living situation and family relations, whereas those living in nursing home had significantly higher mean scores on the QLI subscales of social life and health. In addition, participants living in nursing home had significantly higher mean scores on the MSPSS subscales of significant person and friends, whereas those living with family had significantly higher mean scores on the MSPSS family subscale. There was a significant positive correlation between the groups’ social support and quality of life scale mean scores.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Participants living with family had better family relationships and living conditions and more social support from the family, but fewer social circles. Those living in nursing homes had a better social life, more social support from friends and service providers, but fewer family relationships. The results of this study are considered important in terms of providing foresights to service providers, policy makers and researchers.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this case-control study is to investigate the possible relationship between Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and schizophrenia or suicidal behavior.
METHODS: A total of 274 individuals, including 134 patients with schizophrenia and 140 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data and suicidal risk scores of the participants were recorded during face to face interviews, and serum CMV IgG seroprevalence was determined.
RESULTS: The demographic and clinical data of the participants included in the study were as follows: the mean age was 30.82±0.59 years; 50.7% were female and 49.3% male; 5.1% were illiterate, 26.3% were primary school graduates, 42.3% were secondary middle school graduates, 26.3% were undergraduates; the mean Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) score was 6.27±3.12. Seropositivity rate of CMV IgG was found to be 64.6% (177/274). It was determined that CMV IgG seropositivity rates were 48.6% (68/140) in the healthy control group and 81.3% (109/134) in the schizophrenia group, and the relationship between schizophrenia and CMV IgG seropositivity was statistically significant (p<0.001). CMV IgG seropositivity rates were 61.5% in the non-suicide risk and 70.7% in the suicide risk group, and the relationship between CMV IgG seropositivity and suicide risk was not statistically significant (p=0.137).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The potential effects of latent CMV infection on dopamine and other neurotransmitter levels may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, further studies on CMV and schizophrenia are needed and may lead to improved treatments for schizophrenia.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the effects of a psychoeducation program on the self-perception of parental role, coping with stress and psychological symptoms of mothers who have a child with cancer and at least one healthy adolescent.
METHODS: This is an interventional study with pretest, posttest and control group in which a psychoeducation program was administered. Mothers who were caring for a child diagnosed with cancer in the pediatric hematology-oncology clinics of two university hospitals in Ankara, Turkey were included in the study. The program was completed with 15 mothers in both groups. The efficacy of the program was assessed by the Self-Perception of Parental Scale, Coping with Stress Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for analysis of the data.
RESULTS: The psychoeducation program, included the experiences and needs of healthy adolescent siblings, did not provide a statistically significant difference in mothers' self-perception of parental role and coping with stress. There was a decrease in all subscale scores and total scale scores of the mothers after the intervention and the scores were lower than the pre-intervention scores in the follow-up measurements, however, the scores were not statistically significant. Somatization and hostility subscales and total scale scores of mothers in the intervention group were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The pilot psychoeducation program for mothers of children with cancer did not significantly affect the self-perception of parental role and coping strategies of mothers, but had a positive effect on their mental status.

INTRODUCTION: It is thought that determining the level of holistic well-being levels of cancer patients during the treatment process, checking them at regular intervals, determining problem areas, and designing interventions will be important in terms of primary protection in mental health. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Holistic Well-being Scale and to study its validity and reliability.
METHODS: A convenience sample of 230 patients being treated with cancer were asked to complete a questionnaire. The data were evaluated using SPSS 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA) statistical software. The translation was performed using a double forward and backward method. An expert panel evaluated the content validity. Verification of the structure obtained with confirmatory factor analysis was provided by AMOS 24.0. Psychometric testing included internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability validity).
RESULTS: The Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was 0.73. The split-half reliability results were quite reliable (Cronbach’s α=0.77). The model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/SD=2.41, GFI=0.82, IFI=0.81, CFI=0.81, RMSEA=0.07, and RMR=0.674).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the Holistic Well-being Scale was found to be reliable and valid for Turkish cancer patients after some modifications. The Holistic Well-being Scale can be used in future nursing research and practice as an assessment tool for holistic well-being in patients with cancer.

Compassionate care behavior requires understanding others' values, establishing relationships with them, and responding to them in meaningful ways. Compassionate care has important effects on patient care quality and is an indispensable element of patient-centered care. In recent years, studies of the effects of compassion on patients in clinical care have started to emerge. However, the literature reports that the effect of compassionate care on patient care has not been clearly defined nor has it been examined sufficiently. This review describes the benefits of compassionate care reported in the literature and example cases. It classifies the benefits of compassionate care as: positive effects on patient outcomes, improving nurses' understanding of involving patients and families in care, the ability to identify the needs of patients and families, and the ability to use appropriate approaches. Reviewing the factors that affect compassionate care positively or negatively is important in terms of guiding nursing practices. That is why this study also discusses the barriers to the provision of compassionate care related to work environment and individual factors and recommendations for compassionate care.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental illness that can involve manic and depressive episodes, as well as mixed episodes that involve both manic and depressive episodes. It can lead to significant psychosocial impairment and disability and can adversely affect the social relations, education, and professional success of the individual throughout life. Bipolar disorder causes stress for both the patient and family members. In this period, when intense support is needed, informing the patient and his/her family about illness and treatment is important. The Neuman Systems Model focuses on the optimal wellbeing of the individual and holistic management of treatment. In its holistic approach, the Neuman System defines nursing as the only profession that deals with all the factors that can affect an individual's response to possible and true stressors. Neuman attributes the uniqueness of nursing to its use of information and its regular unification with treatment approaches. From this point of view, Neuman believes that nurses should act as health care coordinators for individuals. In this case report, nursing care was planned and applied based on the Neuman System Model for a forty-year-old adult female diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A nursing care plan was prepared, and nursing interventions were applied to the patient aligned with the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association nursing diagnosis. In conclusion, applied nursing care was effective for the patient’s needs; however, there is a need for more model-based studies with larger samples.