INTRODUCTION: A community mental health center (CMHC) is a local, non-hospital facility established to provide psychosocial support, treatment, and follow-up to patients with mental health disorders in an environment that allows them to remain part of the community and take part in life and thereby reduce the number of hospitalizations. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CMHC rehabilitation services related to the frequency of hospitalization, severity of disease symptoms, functional recovery, and insight in patients with schizophrenia.
METHODS: Schizophrenia patients who were treated at a single CMHC for at least 1 year were included. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale (FROGS), and the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI) were administered when they first presented at the CMHC and at the end of the first year of attendance.
RESULTS: A total of 47 patients (24 males, 23 females) with a mean age of 41.9±8.9 years (range: 33–51 years) were included in the study. The results indicated that the frequency of hospitalization of schizophrenia patients who received care at the CMHC decreased significantly (p<0.05). The mean PANSS positive symptom subscale, negative symptom subscale, general psychopathology subscale, and total score recorded after a year of CMHC participation were statistically significantly lower, and the mean SAI and FROGS scores were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001).


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study findings showed that rehabilitation services provided by the CMHC reduced the number of hospitalizations and had a significantly positive effect on the severity of disease symptoms, functional recovery, and insight.

INTRODUCTION: Nurses are the backbone of the workforce in mental healthcare. However, profile studies of nurses working in mental health services are limited, and provide inadequate qualitative and quantitative evidence about the characteristics, roles and functions of nurses who work in psychiatric settings. The aim of this study was to examine and provide a profile of nurses working in Istanbul psychiatric care units
METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional design was used to analyze the personal characteristics, work conditions, and job-related experiences of 307 nurses working in psychiatric service units in Istanbul in 2018-2019. Data were collected using a 46-question digital survey of personal and professional experiences, services performed, and work conditions
RESULTS: The nurses’ responses revealed that they felt that the patient/nurse ratio was insufficient and that the physical environment was inadequate, there was a lack of sufficient safety, and insufficient support personnel. Nurses still fulfill a very traditional role in psychiatric settings.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study illustrates some of the work-related concerns and experiences of nurses serving in psychiatric service units. A greater focus on personal, recovery-centered care according to evidence-based standards for the patient/nurse ratio and other international criteria and knowledge is needed.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the level of mental health literacy (MHL) of healthcare professionals who do not work in a mental health unit.
METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 239 health professionals (nurses, dieticians, midwives, medical assistants, biologists, social service specialist, child development specialists) who worked in departments other than the mental health unit of a training and research hospital. A sociodemographic data form and the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) were used to collect the study data. The mean, SD, minimum and maximum values, and percentage were used to describe the data after analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 29.93±8.71 years, and they had a mean of 8.9±9.04 years of professional experience. The majority of the participants were female (n=206; 86.2%), and single (n=140; 58.6%). The mean total MHL score was 16.96±3.30. The mean knowledge subscale score was 8.45±1.69, and the mean score of the belief subscale was 5.32±1.70. Age, marital status, education level, and occupation were significant; gender was not a statistically significant variable.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The MHL level of the health professionals participating in the study was above average, but less than optimal. Educational programs to increase the knowledge of all healthcare staff would benefit patient care and promote early intervention.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to reveal negative emotions experienced by nursing students during clinical training and their coping experiences.
METHODS: A total of 10 students studying at Aydýn Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Nursing during the 2018–2019 academic year at 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades constituted the study group. The study group was determined according to maximum diversity sampling. The study was conducted in a qualitative, phenomenological design. The data were collected through a focus group interview. The MAXQDA 2018 program was utilized in the data analysis and the creation of models. The data were arranged according to common/similar themes with descriptive analysis.
RESULTS: According to the results obtained from the study, three themes, including “emotions experienced in the clinic,” “the effects of emotions experienced in the clinic,” and “the way of coping with negative emotions,” and related sub-themes were identified.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that nursing students experienced anger, sadness, helplessness, and despair at most among negative emotions, and they experienced happiness, conscience, and empathy at most among positive emotions. Although negative emotions experienced by students had different effects on psychological, academic, physical, and social fields, the coping ways were observed to be acceptance, indoctrination, and communication at most. Recommendations were made on strengthening the clinical environment and clinical training.

INTRODUCTION: This research aims to evaluate parents’ opinions about the sexuality of their children with mental deficiency (MD).
METHODS: This research was conducted using the phenomenological method, and it involved the parents of children (n=27) enrolled at a special rehabilitation center in Sakarya Province between February and March in 2018. Individual interviews were conducted using the semi-structured interview technique. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis by using MAXQDA Plus.
RESULTS: Four themes emerged from the parents’ opinions about the sexuality of their children with MD, as follows: 1) “Not aware/ignoring” (statements showing the parents’ being unaware of the problem or showing that they are not thinking about it), 2) “Feeling incompetent/stigmatized” (statements showing that the parents do not know what to do when their children exhibit sexual attitudes), 3) “Trying to prevent it” (statements regarding limiting their children’s actions), and 4) “Calling for help” (statements regarding their feeling incompetent and their need for help from someone who is knowledgeable about dealing with their situation).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The parents lack sufficient knowledge about their children’s sexuality. They are also uncomfortable in facing criticism from others when problems related to their children’s sexuality arise. Moreover, they try to prevent their children from exhibiting problematic sexual behaviors. They also want to seek help from specialists in dealing with concerns related to their children’s sexuality.

INTRODUCTION: Objectives: Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder is an important health problem for women as well as their babies and families. The psychological well-being of the mother forms the mother-baby attachment, and attachment forms the basis of the baby's psychological well-being. This study was conducted to determine the effect of traumatic stress level on mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period.

METHODS: The research is a descriptive study. The research was conducted with 360 women whose babies were 6 months old. The research data were obtained by using the Descriptive Information Form, City Birth Trauma Scale and Postpartum Bonding Scale. Normal distribution of the data was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis. Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U test and Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: It was stated that the mean of age women included in the study was 29.24±3.52 and themajority ofthem were at the bachelors degree (76.1%). In this study, it was determined that the mean total score of CityBiTS was 20.23±14.32 (0-60) and 90.6%(n=326) of women had at least 1 or more symptoms. It was determined that women in the sample met all diagnostic criteria of PTSD in 16.4% (n=59) DSM-5 according to CityBiTS. It was observed that while theCityBiTS scores of women increased, PBQ scores increased. Emergency cesarean section, vaginal examination by many and different people during labour, complication in mother and baby increases the traumatic stress score. It was determined that history of abuse, unwanted pregnancy and not being able to provide postpartum skin-to-skin contact affects postpartum bonding negatively (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the PTSDrate of women included in the study was 16.4%, and as the traumatic stress score increased, mother-infant bonding was affected negatively. Accordingly, women at risk of PTSD and bonding should be follow-up more closely in the postpartum period and referred when it is necessary.

INTRODUCTION: This study is to determine the relation between eating attitudes and risk of alcohol and substance addiction and the affecting factors of nursing college students.
METHODS: The sample of this descriptive and correlational study was conducted with students who take education at Nursing in Faculty of Health Sciences (n=477). Analyses of datas, which were collected using Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Addiction Profile Index (BAPI-Alcohol) for Alcohol Scale and Addiction Profile Index (BAPI-Substance) for Substance Scale, were performed with percentile distributions, averages, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and Sperman Correlation Analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of the students were 20.83±1.59, 88.9% were women, 27.9% 2nd grade in university. EAT mean scores of 15.84±10.87, APIRS-alcohol scale mean scores 0.59±1.54 and APIRS-Drug scale mean scores were 0.15±0.92 of students. It was determined 8.0% of students have eating disorder, 9.2% of students have high risk of alcohol use and 1.9% of students have high risk of substance use. There was a significant positive relation between students with eating disorders and with high risk groups in terms of substance use (r=0.105, p=0.021). In addition, There was a significant positive relation between students with eating disorders and with high risk groups in terms of alcohol use (r=0.097, p=0.034). Students who have eating disorders and found significant positive relation between have high risk of substance use (p<0.001). There was statistically significant positive correlation between the risk of alcohol use and the risk of substance use of the participants (r=0.402, p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that students who have eating disorders were high risk of substance use and Alcohol use. High risk for alcohol use were also found to be high risk for substance use.

INTRODUCTION: This methodological study was designed to determine the validity reliability of the Turkish version of Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire.
METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 400 women who have babies between the ages of 0-1 who received services from 9 different Family Health Centers in Eskisehir. The data of the study were collected using the Socio-demographic Data Form, Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Validity and reliability analyzes of the scale were performed on 387 people who answered the scale completely.
RESULTS: The linguistic validity of the Birth Memory and Recall Questionnaire was determined to be sufficient after translation and back-translation, and consulting expert opinion. The content validity index of the scale was 0.95. Kaiser Mayer Olkin coefficient was calculated as 0.759, Bartlett test X2 value was calculated as 3079.458 (p <0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.794 for the overall scale, while it was 0.797, 0.643, 0.760, 0.670, 0.785, and 0.725 for the sub-dimensions, respectively. The goodness of fit indexes are 0.091 for root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), 0.091 for standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), 0.85 for goodness-of-fit index (GFI), 0.91 for comparative fit index (CFI), 0.91 for incremental fit index (IFI), 0.85 for relative fit index (RFI), 0.88 for normed fit index (NFI).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been determined that the Turkish version of Birth Memory and Recall Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement tool and can be used in future researches.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine meaning in life among nursing students based on their sociodemographic and temperament characteristics.
METHODS: The population and sample of this descriptive study consists of 442 volunteer nursing students who were studying in their 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year during the 2017–2018 academic year at the Health Sciences Faculty of Nursing Department of a public university in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A), The Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and a personal information form were used to collect data. Numbers, percentages, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Spearman Correlation Analysis was used for data evaluation.
RESULTS: The subscale of the Presence of Meaning in Life was found to have a negative and significant correlation with TEMPS-A subscales of depressive, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments; and a positive and significant correlation with the subscale of hyperthymic temperament (p<0.05). A positive and significant correlation was found between the subscale of the Search for Meaning in Life and TEMPS-A subscales of depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There is a statistically significant correlation between dominant temperament characteristics of nursing students and the Presence of Meaning in Life and the Search for Meaning in Life. Course content that increases purpose and fulfillment in life and enhances positive personality traits should be created for the first years of nursing education

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to develop a valid and reliable Turkish self-assessment tool to measure the psychosocial competency of nurses working in general clinics.
METHODS: The sample used for this methodological study consisted of 300 nurses working in the general clinics of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Health Services Practice and Research Hospital. A personal information form and the Psychosocial Care Competence Self-Assessment Scale were used to collect the data. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used to perform the statistical analysis of the data.
RESULTS: The content-scope validity and construct validity were created for the draft scale using items selected from the related literature. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed for construct validity. The reliability of the scale was evaluated using item, internal consistency, and test-retest analysis. The EFA results indicated that 4 factors explained 70.44% of the total variance. CFA revealed that the data set was an acceptable model with excellent fit. The internal consistency coefficient of the entire scale was 0.93 and that of the subscales was found to be 0.80–0.93.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A Turkish Psychosocial Care Competence Self-Assessment Scale for nurses was created with 18 valid and reliable items with 4 subscales: symptom identification, use of knowledge, intervention, and diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to examine the needs of patients with chronic psychiatric disorders in preparation for discharge from a clinic as well as those of their caregivers, and to evaluate their satisfaction with the process.
METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted using the responses of 181 patients and 140 caregivers of psychiatric patients hospitalized over the course of a year in the adult psychiatric unit of a university hospital in a province in the Aegean region of Turkey. Questionnaires were used to collect data related to the discharge process and the satisfaction of the patients and their caregivers.
RESULTS: More than half of the patients in this study reported that they felt they had not received sufficient information at discharge about matters such as their legal rights, resources to help them manage their condition, the potential effects of stressors and daily life on the transition and disease, and resources available to them for support after discharge. More than half of the caregivers surveyed also reported that they were also insufficiently prepared. They stated that they did not receive adequate information about items such as available support resources, how to cope with the effects of the disease post hospitalization, methods to improve social relationships, side effects of medications, how to manage the home environment after discharge, what to do when a patient refuses to take medication, patient legal rights, and information on the causes of the disease.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicated that while offered in some form, in most cases, discharge planning was inadequate, and did not begin on the first day of hospitalization, as recommended. Most of the caregivers were not included in the process. Most of the patients reported that the education provided was insufficient to cope with the stresses caused by the symptoms of the disease after release. It is important to conduct additional studies that evaluate the needs of patients and caregivers related to the post-discharge period and to provide patient monitoring services.